Hindi / English Language Proficiency
This paper is not mere translation: it tests register. You translate legal English into official Hindi and vice versa, and answer grammar, comprehension and precis questions.
Legal glossary
- Decree: डिक्री (अधिनिर्णय); judgment: निर्णय; order: आदेश.
- Plaint: वादपत्र; written statement: लिखित कथन; plaintiff: वादी; defendant: प्रतिवादी.
- Evidence: साक्ष्य; witness: साक्षी; affidavit: शपथपत्र; summons: समन; injunction: निषेधाज्ञा; jurisdiction: अधिकारिता.
- Appeal: अपील; revision: पुनरीक्षण; execution: निष्पादन; decree-holder: डिक्रीधारक; judgment-debtor: निर्णय-ऋणी; court fee: न्याय शुल्क; cross-examination: प्रतिपरीक्षा.
Worked example
Translate: 'The plaintiff is entitled to a decree for permanent injunction restraining the defendant from interfering with his peaceful possession.' Hindi: 'वादी प्रतिवादी को उसके शांतिपूर्ण कब्जे में हस्तक्षेप करने से रोकने के लिए स्थायी निषेधाज्ञा के डिक्री का हकदार है।' Reasoning: 'decree' stays डिक्री, not आदेश; 'perpetual' is स्थायी, not शाश्वत; 'entitled to' is हकदार; and 'restraining from' is रोकने के लिए.
Traps
'shall' is rendered as चाहिए instead of a mandatory future form; 'may' and 'shall' are conflated; 'decree' is translated as आदेश; the precis exceeds the word limit; and legal terms are translated loosely, losing their technical meaning. Practice translating provisions of the CPC and BNS; examiners mark fidelity, not literary flourish.