Entrepreneurship, Employability and Workplace Safety
Entrepreneurship turns a tourism idea into a lawful, viable business; employability and safety make the workplace run. The exam tests business planning, break-even, licences and hazard control.
Business essentials
- Business plan: idea, market research, target customer, competition, operations, marketing, staffing, costs, revenue forecast, cash flow and risk.
- Legal checklist: business registration, GST where applicable, FSSAI for food, shops and establishment registration, tourism department registration where required, fire and health clearances.
- Break-even: fixed costs ÷ (selling price − variable cost per unit) = units needed.
- Cash flow is not profit: a profitable firm can fail if cash is tied up in receivables or stock.
Workplace safety
- Hazard is a source of harm; risk is the chance and severity of harm. Use the hierarchy of control: eliminate, substitute, engineer, administrate, PPE.
- Fire: remove one side of the fire triangle - fuel, heat, oxygen. Know exits, alarms and assembly points.
- First aid: protect, assess, send for help, treat within training. Report every incident.
- Ergonomics: correct lifting, adjustable workstations, breaks for repetitive tasks.
Worked example
A small café has fixed costs of ₹50,000 per month, an average selling price of ₹500 and variable cost of ₹300 per cover. Contribution per cover = ₹200. Break-even = 50,000 ÷ 200 = 250 covers per month, or about 8–9 covers per day. Reasoning: every cover above 250 contributes ₹200 to profit. If rent rises to ₹60,000, break-even rises to 300 covers; the owner must raise price, cut variable cost or increase volume.
Traps
Confusing profit with cash; ignoring licences; calculating break-even with total cost instead of variable cost; treating PPE as the first control; failing to record incidents.