Language
This section tests Hindi and English language skills: grammar, comprehension, precis, translation and formal writing. The Hindi portion uses Devanagari and standard grammar; the English portion tests usage and legal-register precision.
Hindi grammar
- Sandhi, samas, paryayvachi, vilom, muhavare, shabd shuddhi and vakyashuddhi are recurring areas.
- Check gender, number, case and verb agreement in sentence correction.
English grammar
- Articles, prepositions, tenses, subject-verb agreement, voice and narration are core.
- Idiomatic usage and formal legal vocabulary matter more than obscure rules.
Precis and translation
- A precis should be about one-third of the original, retain the central idea and omit examples and repetition.
- Translation must preserve meaning, register and legal terminology; avoid word-for-word rendering.
Worked example
English: 'Neither of the boys were present' is wrong because 'neither' is singular; correct to 'was present'. Hindi: 'उसने अपने मित्र से मिलने गया' is wrong because the verb 'गया' requires the subject 'वह', not the ergative 'उसने'; correct to 'वह अपने मित्र से मिलने गया'. Reasoning: agreement and case markers, not literal word order, decide correctness.
Traps
- Literal translation that changes legal meaning.
- Overcorrecting grammatical sentences.
- Ignoring gender and number in Hindi.
- Using colloquial Hindi in a formal precis.
- Padding a precis with examples.