Hair Care and Hairstyling
What this domain tests
Questions cover hair structure, scalp condition, shampooing, conditioning, drying, thermal styling, braiding, and basic styling safety. You must choose products and tools according to hair type and condition.
Core rules
- Examine the scalp for cuts, lice, ringworm, or inflammation; do not proceed on infected or broken skin.
- Wet hair gently, dilute shampoo, massage the scalp with fingertips, and rinse thoroughly. Condition mid-lengths and ends, not the scalp, for oily scalps.
- Detangle with a wide-tooth comb from ends to roots.
- Blow-dry on a medium heat setting, keeping the dryer moving and at least 15 cm from the scalp.
- Use heat protectant before straighteners or curling tongs; never use hot tools on wet hair.
- Test chemical products on a small strand and check for allergies; never overlap chemical treatments without allowing safe intervals.
- Sanitise combs, brushes, and clips between clients.
Worked example
A client with dry, colour-treated hair wants a sleek blow-dry. You shampoo with a sulphate-free, moisture-replenishing shampoo, apply a deep conditioner to mid-lengths and ends, rinse, and towel-blot. You apply heat protectant, detangle gently, and blow-dry on medium heat with a nozzle, finishing with a cool shot. You avoid high heat on wet hair because it can cause bubbling of the hair shaft and breakage. You recommend a weekly mask and less frequent washing.
Traps that cost marks
- Brushing wet hair vigorously from roots to ends.
- Applying conditioner to the scalp for oily hair.
- Using maximum heat and holding the dryer against the hair.
- Braiding too tightly and causing traction.
- Skipping patch tests for colour or relaxers.
Exam tip
State the hair property (porosity, texture, condition) before choosing a product or tool.