Emergency Situations and First Aid
What this domain tests
Emergency Situations and First Aid tests calm, correct responses to vehicle failures and injuries. The exam expects you to control the vehicle first and then help without making injuries worse.
Vehicle emergencies
For a tyre blowout, grip the wheel firmly, keep steering straight, ease off the accelerator, and avoid hard braking. For brake failure, pump the brakes, change to a lower gear, apply the handbrake gently, and look for a safe escape. If a fire starts, stop, switch off the engine, evacuate, and call 911. In a skid, ease off the accelerator and steer smoothly; do not stamp on the brakes.
First aid basics
Call 911 for emergency services. Follow DRABC: Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation. Do not move an injured person unless there is immediate danger. Control bleeding with firm pressure. If an unconscious person is breathing, place them in the recovery position and monitor breathing. Start CPR if trained and the person is not breathing normally.
Worked example
A motorcyclist falls and is unconscious but breathing. Reasoning: protect the scene from further traffic, call 911, check the airway and breathing, and place the rider in the recovery position if it is safe to do so. Do not remove the helmet unless the airway is blocked.
Traps that cost marks
Removing a helmet unnecessarily, giving food or drink to an injured person, and moving someone with a suspected spinal injury can worsen harm. Panicking and braking hard during a blowout is also a serious error.