Recover the writer's claim without adding your own
First identify the subject being discussed and the question the writer is trying to answer. Then distinguish a claim, its reasons, the examples illustrating those reasons and any limitation on the conclusion. A phrase such as たとえば introduces an instance, not necessarily the main point. A phrase such as ただし can retain a claim while limiting its scope. When a demonstrative appears, substitute a candidate referent and check the whole sentence, including any predicate that follows it. Compare passages by a shared issue rather than assuming that different proposals must completely contradict one another. In a summary, preserve the degree of certainty and the relationship between cause and result. A useful-looking option can still be wrong if it changes some into all or sufficient into necessary. After reading, write a one-sentence account of the writer's position, then point to the supplied wording that prevents that sentence from becoming too broad.