Hazard awareness and defensive driving
Defensive driving questions ask what you would do before a hazard becomes an emergency. The examiner wants anticipation, not reaction.
Scanning
Look about 12 seconds ahead and use your mirrors every 5–8 seconds. Keep a space cushion on all sides and always identify an escape route - a gap, a shoulder, a place to stop. Cover the brake when you see a hazard developing.
The 'what if' habit
Ask constantly: what if that child runs out, that pig crosses, that truck pulls out, that pothole is deeper than it looks? Then adjust speed and position so the answer is survivable.
Speed, distance and conditions
Stopping distance rises with the square of speed and multiplies on wet, sandy or gravel roads. Sand and coral dust reduce grip; potholes and broken edges can throw a motorcycle. Glare and dusk hide pedestrians.
Distraction and fatigue
A phone call, an argument or a long day without sleep all reduce attention. Pull over to deal with anything that takes your eyes off the road.
Worked example
At dusk in a village, a pig is rooting near the road edge and a truck is close behind you. Reasoning: the animal may bolt and being tailgated limits your braking options. Action: slow early, move left, let the truck pass when safe, and stay ready to stop.
Traps
Assuming you will react in time; braking hard instead of slowing early; staring at the hazard rather than the escape route; keeping a two-second gap when a hazard is already visible.