Traffic Signs, Signals, and Road Markings
Read the road before you read the question
Signs are grouped by shape and color, and permit questions love to test that pairing. An octagon is always a stop sign; an inverted triangle is always yield; a pennant marks a no-passing zone; a diamond warns of a hazard ahead; a pentagon marks a school zone or school crossing; a round sign warns of a railroad crossing; and a rectangle is either regulatory (white/black, or white/red for prohibitions) or guide and information (green, blue, brown). Orange means construction or maintenance, and those signs override the normal rules of the road.
Signals: a steady red means stop and stay stopped; after a complete stop you may turn right unless a sign says otherwise, but you must yield to pedestrians and cross traffic. A flashing red is a stop sign. A flashing yellow means slow down and proceed with caution. A green arrow is a protected movement; a flashing yellow arrow means the movement is permitted but unprotected, so you must yield to oncoming traffic. A steady yellow means the light is about to turn red: stop if you can do so safely.
Pavement markings follow one simple logic: yellow lines separate traffic moving in opposite directions, white lines separate traffic moving in the same direction. A broken line on your side means you may cross; a solid line on your side means you may not. Double solid yellow prohibits passing in both directions. Edge lines, stop lines, and crosswalk markings tell you where to stop, not just where to drive.
Trap to expect: questions offer "a yield sign means you must stop." It does not - you slow and yield only if traffic is present. Another: "a yellow light means speed up." It means prepare to stop.
Rule of thumb: if the line beside your lane is solid, treat it as a wall until it breaks.