First Aid
What the exam tests
This domain tests immediate care at a road collision: scene safety, calling for help, airway and breathing checks, CPR, bleeding control and burns.
Core rules
- Follow DRABC: Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation. Make the scene safe before approaching; call 112.
- If the casualty is unresponsive and not breathing normally, start CPR: 30 chest compressions to 2 rescue breaths, at 100–120 compressions per minute, pressing 5–6 cm deep in an adult. Use an AED if available.
- Control severe bleeding with direct pressure and a dressing; do not remove an object that is embedded.
- Cool burns with running water for about 20 minutes; do not use ice, butter or toothpaste.
- If the casualty is unconscious but breathing, place them in the recovery position and monitor breathing. Do not move a suspected spinal injury unless there is immediate danger.
- Keep the casualty warm and treat for shock; do not give food or drink.
Worked example
A motorcyclist is unconscious but breathing after a collision. You leave the helmet on, support the head, place the casualty in the recovery position if the airway is clear, and call 112. Reason: the helmet may protect the neck, and the priority is a clear airway and breathing while waiting for emergency services.
Traps
Giving water to an unconscious casualty; moving a suspected spinal injury unnecessarily; using ice on a burn; removing a helmet when the airway is clear; delaying the 112 call.