Emergency situations and basic first aid awareness
What this domain tests
Emergency situations and first aid questions test calm, correct priorities. The exam expects you to secure the scene, call for help and give basic care without making injuries worse.
Breakdowns and collisions
- Move the vehicle off the carriageway if possible; switch on hazard lights and place a warning triangle where it is safe and legal.
- At a collision, stop, switch off engines, warn other traffic and call the emergency services on 911. Do not move an injured person unless there is immediate danger such as fire.
- If a tyre blows out, hold the steering firmly, ease off the accelerator and let the car slow before braking gently.
- If brakes fail, pump the pedal, use engine braking and, as a last resort, use the handbrake carefully.
First aid awareness
- Follow DR ABC: Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation. Check for danger before approaching.
- For an unconscious but breathing casualty, place them in the recovery position and monitor breathing.
- Control bleeding with direct pressure; cool burns with clean cool water; treat for shock by keeping the casualty warm.
- Do not remove a motorcycle helmet unless the airway is at risk; do not give food or drink to an injured person.
Worked example
A motorcyclist is unconscious but breathing after a collision. You should not sit them up or remove the helmet. Check the airway, place them in the recovery position if it is safe to do so, control any bleeding and wait for the ambulance.
Traps
Moving a casualty with a suspected spinal injury; removing a helmet unnecessarily; crowding a casualty; and forgetting to secure the scene before helping. Your first duty is to prevent further casualties.