Resources, Development and Sustainability
What this domain tests
This domain examines natural resources, patterns of development and sustainability. It tests definitions, indicators, resource management and the ability to weigh economic, social and environmental costs.
Core rules and concepts
- Resources are things people value and can use; they become resources only when technology and demand make them useful.
- Renewable resources can be replenished if use stays within regeneration rates; non-renewable resources are finite. Sustainable use meets present needs without reducing future options.
- Development is broader than economic growth; indicators include GDP per capita, life expectancy, literacy, HDI and access to clean water.
- Sustainability has environmental, social and economic dimensions; impact assessment and management strategies should address all three.
Worked example
Two countries have similar GDP per capita, but country A has life expectancy 78 and literacy 96%, while B has 61 and 72%. Reasoning: GDP alone is insufficient; A's higher health and education outcomes suggest broader development. HDI combines income, health and education, so it would likely rank A higher. The answer should use the data and explain the limitation of a single indicator.
Traps
Do not equate development with wealth. Do not call all renewable resources infinite. Do not present sustainability as only protecting nature; include livelihoods and economy. When comparing indicators, check units and years.