Electrical and Mechanical Facial Equipment
Electrical basics
Direct current flows one way; alternating current reverses direction. Modalities used in esthetics include galvanic current, high frequency, microdermabrasion, LED, ultrasound, steamers, hot towel cabinets, and magnifying lamps. Know each device's purpose, its contraindications, and how to check it before use: intact cords, dry hands, no water nearby, client jewelry removed, intensity starting low.
The modalities
Galvanic: desincrustation uses the negative pole, producing an alkaline reaction that softens sebum for extraction; iontophoresis uses the positive pole to drive acidic, water-soluble products into the skin. High frequency uses alternating current for a bactericidal, warming effect - treat with the electrode in contact or use indirect (client holds the electrode). Microdermabrasion mechanically exfoliates with crystals or a diamond tip. LED delivers non-thermal light; ultrasound uses sound waves for product penetration.
Contraindications
Pacemakers, pregnancy, epilepsy, metal implants, phlebitis, thrombosis, open lesions, photosensitivity, and recent chemical peels or isotretinoin all call for caution or cancellation. Ask about implanted devices before any electrical service.
Traps
- 'Stronger current works better' is false - sensation should be comfortable, never painful.
- Steamers use distilled water, are held at a comfortable distance, and are not left on one spot.
- High frequency is bactericidal; it is not a substitute for disinfection of implements.
Rule of thumb
If the client has a pacemaker or implant, skip electrical modalities entirely and choose a manual treatment.