Hazardous Materials Communication: Shipping Papers, Emergency Information, Labels, and Placards
The Communication domain tests whether the hazard story travels with the load. Responders and inspectors read the shipping paper, emergency response information, package labels and markings, and vehicle placards before they touch the material. Missing or inconsistent communication is a common violation and a safety failure.
Shipping papers and emergency response information
Under 49 CFR 172.200–172.205, the shipping paper must show the proper shipping name, hazard class or division, UN identification number, packing group, total quantity, number and type of packages, shipper certification, and an emergency response telephone number. The basic description follows the sequence UN number, proper shipping name, class, packing group, for example UN 1203, Gasoline, 3, PG II. Add RQ for a reportable quantity and Marine Pollutant when applicable. Emergency response information under 172.602 must be immediately available and include the hazards, public safety measures, and ERG guide number. The telephone number must be monitored during transport, not routed to voicemail. Keep the paper within the driver's reach and visible to responders.
Labels, markings, and placards
Labels go on packages for the hazard class. Non-bulk packages also need the UN number and proper shipping name marking, plus orientation arrows for liquids. Placards under 172.504 depend on the table: Table 1 materials require placards in any quantity, while Table 2 materials require placards at 1,001 lb or more aggregate gross weight. Bulk packages and cargo tanks are placarded on both sides and both ends.
Worked example. A truck carries 700 lb of a Class 3 PG II material and 400 lb of a Class 8 PG II material, both Table 2 and non-bulk. The aggregate is 1,100 lb, so Table 2 placards are required. At 700 lb plus 200 lb, the 900 lb total would not trigger Table 2 placarding, though the shipping paper still lists both.
Traps. Counting only one material instead of the aggregate; treating a placard as a substitute for shipping papers; using an unmonitored emergency number; confusing a package label with a vehicle placard.