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Question 1Writing
Choose the word that correctly completes the sentence: "The list of items on the desk ___ to be updated by Friday."
- have needed
- need
- are needing
- needs Correct answer.
Explanation
The subject is the singular noun "list," not the plural noun "items," which sits inside a prepositional phrase. Singular subjects take singular verbs in the present tense, so "needs" is required.
Question 2Writing
Choose the word that correctly completes the sentence: "She is ___ honest person who never exaggerates."
- a
- an Correct answer.
- some
- the
Explanation
The article is chosen by the sound that begins the following word, not by its first letter. "Honest" begins with a vowel sound because the "h" is silent, so "an" is correct.
Question 3Writing
Choose the word that correctly completes the sentence: "The results depend ___ how carefully the samples were collected."
- to
- on Correct answer.
- for
- of
Explanation
The verb "depend" is followed by the fixed preposition "on" (or "upon") when it introduces the factor that determines an outcome. This pairing is idiomatic and does not change with the noun that follows.
Question 4Writing
Which sentence is punctuated correctly?
- The rain stopped so, the match went on.
- The rain stopped, the match went on as planned.
- The rain stopped, so the match went on. Correct answer.
- The rain stopped; so the match went on.
Explanation
Two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as "so" require a comma before the conjunction. Option 1 applies exactly that pattern.
Question 5Writing
Choose the pronoun that correctly completes the sentence: "Between you and ___, the deadline is unrealistic."
- myself
- I
- we
- me Correct answer.
Explanation
A preposition such as "between" takes the object form of a pronoun, and "me" is the object form of the first-person singular. "Between you and me" is therefore the correct sequence.
Question 6Writing
Choose the phrase that correctly completes the sentence: "Of the two candidates, Ms. Ortiz is ___."
- more experienced than
- the more experienced Correct answer.
- most experienced
- the most experienced
Explanation
When exactly two people or things are compared, the comparative form "more" is required rather than the superlative "most." The definite article is natural because a specific comparison is being made.
Question 7Writing
Choose the verb form that correctly completes the sentence: "By the time the auditors arrived, the staff ___ the records."
- were already archiving them
- had already archived them Correct answer.
- already archive them
- has already archived them
Explanation
The sentence describes two past events, and the archiving happened before the auditors arrived. The earlier of two past actions takes the past perfect form "had archived."
Question 8Writing
Choose the word that correctly completes the sentence: "The committee's decision had a significant ___ on funding."
- effected
- affect
- effect Correct answer.
- affects
Explanation
"Effect" is the noun meaning a result or consequence, and it is the word required after the article and adjective in "a significant ___." The verb form "affect" means to influence something.
Question 9Writing
Choose the word that correctly completes the sentence: "The drug showed promise in early trials; ___, regulators requested a larger study before approval."
- however Correct answer.
- for example
- therefore
- likewise
Explanation
The second clause contrasts with the first: promising results are set against a demand for more evidence. "However" signals exactly this contrast between the two clauses.
Question 10Writing
Choose the phrase that correctly completes the sentence: "The internship involves writing reports, ___, and attending client meetings."
- to analyze data
- analysis of data
- data analysis is done
- analyzing data Correct answer.
Explanation
All items in a series must share the same grammatical form. Because the other items are gerund phrases ("writing reports," "attending client meetings"), the middle item must also be a gerund phrase.
Question 11Writing
Choose the phrase that correctly completes the sentence: "Walking into the lab, ___."
- the equipment was already running
- there was equipment running
- it was clear that the equipment ran
- the technician noticed a fault Correct answer.
Explanation
An introductory participial phrase is understood to describe the subject of the main clause. Only "the technician" can logically be the one walking into the lab.
Question 12Writing
Which option is a complete, correctly punctuated sentence?
- The report was long, and it lacked recommendations. Correct answer.
- The report was long it contained no recommendations.
- Because the report was long, no recommendations.
- The report being long and containing no recommendations.
Explanation
A complete sentence needs at least one independent clause, and joining two independent clauses requires a comma plus a coordinating conjunction. Option 3 supplies both requirements.
Question 13Writing
Choose the verb that correctly completes the sentence: "Neither the manager nor the employees ___ willing to work overtime."
- were Correct answer.
- has been
- is
- was
Explanation
With "neither...nor," the verb agrees with the subject closer to it. The nearer subject "employees" is plural, so the plural past form "were" is required.
Question 14Writing
Choose the word that is most appropriate in a formal academic report: "The survey drew ___ responses from local residents."
- a whole bunch of
- numerous Correct answer.
- tons of
- a lot of
Explanation
Formal academic writing favors precise, neutral vocabulary over conversational expressions. "Numerous" is the standard formal quantifier for countable nouns in this register.
Question 15Writing
Choose the word that correctly completes the sentence: "The researcher ___ work I cited most often has retired."
- which
- whose Correct answer.
- whom
- who
Explanation
The blank must show possession of "work," and the possessive relative pronoun is "whose." It can refer to people and does not change form for gender or number.
Question 16Writing
Choose the word or phrase that correctly completes the sentence: "The samples ___ in cold storage were shipped to the second lab."
- kept are
- kept Correct answer.
- keeping
- that keeping
Explanation
A reduced passive relative clause can modify a noun using a past participle alone: "samples [that were] kept in cold storage." This keeps the sentence to a single main verb, "were shipped."
Question 17Writing
Choose the word that correctly completes the sentence: "There were ___ applicants this year than last year."
- fewer Correct answer.
- lesser
- fewest
- less
Explanation
"Fewer" is used with plural countable nouns such as "applicants," while "less" is used with uncountable quantities. The comparison with "than" also requires the comparative form.
Question 18Writing
Choose the verb form that correctly completes the sentence: "If the team ___ the deadline, the client would have renewed the contract."
- would meet
- met
- had met Correct answer.
- meets
Explanation
The result clause uses "would have renewed," which marks a past unreal condition. The if-clause of a third conditional takes the past perfect form "had met."
Question 19Writing
Choose the word that correctly completes the sentence: "The committee has issued ___ final report."
- their
- they're
- it's
- its Correct answer.
Explanation
A collective noun such as "committee" is treated as a single unit in formal usage and takes the singular possessive "its." The possessive form has no apostrophe.
Question 20Writing
Which sentence expresses the idea most concisely without changing the meaning?
- The reason for the failure of the experiment was high temperature.
- The experiment failed due to the fact of the temperature being high.
- The experiment's failure was caused by reason of high temperature.
- The experiment failed because the temperature was too high. Correct answer.
Explanation
Concise writing replaces wordy nominalizations and empty phrases with a direct verb and a simple connector. Option 3 uses the verb "failed" plus "because" and removes all padding.
Question 21Writing
Choose the phrase that correctly completes the sentence: "Not only ___ the deadline, but the team also cut costs."
- they did meet
- did they meet Correct answer.
- they met
- met they
Explanation
When a sentence opens with the negative adverbial "not only," subject and auxiliary invert, as in a question. Because the clause has no auxiliary of its own, "did" is supplied and carries the tense.
Question 22Writing
Choose the verb form that correctly completes the sentence: "The board recommended that the director ___ the proposal in writing."
- submits
- submit Correct answer.
- is submitting
- submitted
Explanation
Verbs of recommendation, request, and demand trigger the subjunctive in the following "that" clause. The subjunctive uses the base form of the verb regardless of the subject.
Question 23Writing
Which punctuation mark correctly fills the blank? "The committee identified three priorities ___ funding, staffing, and outreach."
- a semicolon
- a colon Correct answer.
- a comma
- an apostrophe
Explanation
A colon introduces a list that follows a complete independent clause and expands on it. The clause before the blank is grammatically complete, which is the condition for using a colon this way.
Question 24Writing
Which sentence is clearest and grammatically correct?
- Giving the medication to the patient, it had expired.
- The nurse gave the patient the medication that had expired. Correct answer.
- The nurse gave the patient the medication, that had expired.
- The nurse gave the medication to the patient which had expired.
Explanation
The modifier "that had expired" must sit directly beside the noun it describes, which is "medication." Placing it at the end of the sentence keeps the meaning unambiguous and uses the correct relative pronoun for a thing.
Question 25Writing
Which sentence most effectively combines the two ideas into one concise sentence? "The study was small. Its findings attracted widespread attention."
- The study was small, and its findings attracted widespread attention as well.
- The study was small in size, but its findings attracted widespread attention.
- The study was small; its findings, however, were attracting attention widely.
- Although the study was small, its findings attracted widespread attention. Correct answer.
Explanation
Subordinating the less important idea with "although" shows the contrast and produces one tight sentence. The result is more economical than coordination with "and" and clearer than inserting an adverbial in the middle.
Question 26Writing
Choose the word that correctly completes the sentence: "The technician needed ___ hour to calibrate the instrument."
- an Correct answer.
- any
- a
- the
Explanation
The indefinite article is chosen by sound, not spelling. "Hour" begins with a vowel sound because the h is silent, so "an" is required.
Question 27Writing
Choose the verb that correctly completes the sentence: "Each of the applicants ___ interviewed separately."
- were
- have been
- are
- was Correct answer.
Explanation
The subject is "each," a singular indefinite pronoun; the phrase "of the applicants" does not change the number. A singular verb is therefore required, and the past tense fits the completed interviews.
Question 28Writing
Choose the option that correctly completes the sentence: "The ___ break room was renovated over the summer." (The room is shared by several employees.)
- employees's
- employees' Correct answer.
- employee's
- employees
Explanation
A possessive plural noun ending in -s takes an apostrophe after the s. Because several employees share the room, the plural possessive "employees'" is needed.
Question 29Writing
Choose the word that correctly completes the sentence: "The project manager is responsible ___ ensuring that the timeline is met."
- to
- for Correct answer.
- of
- with
Explanation
The adjective "responsible" is followed by the preposition "for" when it introduces the duty someone holds. This is a fixed collocation in standard English.
Question 30Writing
Choose the verb form that correctly completes the sentence: "Dr. Chen ___ at the university since 2012."
- has worked Correct answer.
- worked
- is working
- works
Explanation
"Since" plus a starting point in the past calls for the present perfect, which links a past beginning to the present. "Has worked" expresses exactly that continuing situation.
Question 31Writing
Choose the word that correctly completes the sentence: "The position requires a candidate who is punctual, organized, and ___."
- reliability
- reliable Correct answer.
- with reliability
- relies
Explanation
The three items joined by "and" must share the same grammatical form. Since "punctual" and "organized" are adjectives, the third item must also be an adjective.
Question 32Writing
Choose the punctuation that correctly fills the blank: "The power failed during the trial ___ the researchers repeated the entire procedure."
- no punctuation
- a semicolon ( ; ) Correct answer.
- a comma ( , )
- a colon ( : )
Explanation
Both halves are independent clauses, so a semicolon can join them without a conjunction. A comma alone would create a comma splice, and a colon would wrongly signal a list or explanation.
Question 33Writing
Choose the word that correctly completes the sentence: "There is not ___ evidence to support the claim."
- a number of
- many
- much Correct answer.
- few
Explanation
"Evidence" is a noncount noun, so it takes "much" in negative statements. "Many," "few," and "a number of" all modify count nouns.
Question 34Writing
Choose the phrase that correctly completes the sentence: "Covered in dust, ___."
- the archivist discovered a bundle of letters
- the discovery of a bundle of letters surprised the archivist
- the archivist's discovery was a bundle of letters
- a bundle of letters was discovered by the archivist Correct answer.
Explanation
An introductory participial phrase must describe the subject of the main clause. Only "a bundle of letters" can logically be covered in dust, so that noun must be the subject.
Question 35Writing
Choose the sentence that is correctly punctuated.
- The first trial failed; the team revised the method and tried again. Correct answer.
- The first trial failed the team revised the method, and tried again.
- The first trial failed, the team revised the method and tried again.
- The first trial failed, the team revised the method, and tried again.
Explanation
Two independent clauses can be separated by a semicolon. A comma alone, with or without a later "and," cannot properly join them here.
Question 36Writing
Choose the verb that correctly completes the sentence: "The supervisor insisted that the technician ___ the equipment before every use."
- calibrated
- calibrates
- is calibrating
- calibrate Correct answer.
Explanation
Verbs of demand and insistence such as "insist" take the subjunctive in the following that-clause. The base form of the verb is used regardless of the subject.
Question 37Writing
Choose the word that correctly completes the sentence: "The laboratory, ___ was renovated last year, now meets all safety standards."
- where
- which Correct answer.
- that
- what
Explanation
A nonrestrictive clause set off by commas is introduced by "which," not "that." The clause adds extra information about the laboratory rather than identifying it.
Question 38Writing
Choose the word that correctly completes the sentence: "The samples were stored at the wrong temperature; ___, the results could not be verified."
- Similarly
- For example
- Nevertheless
- Consequently Correct answer.
Explanation
The second clause is a result of the first, so a transition showing cause and effect is required. "Consequently" signals that outcome.
Question 39Writing
Choose the verb form that correctly completes the sentence: "The board is considering ___ the current policy on remote work."
- to revise
- revised
- revising Correct answer.
- revise
Explanation
The verb "consider" is followed by a gerund, not an infinitive. "Revising" is therefore the only form that fits the pattern.
Question 40Writing
Choose the option that correctly completes the sentence: "She is a ___ researcher in the field of immunology."
- wellknown
- well-known Correct answer.
- well, known
- well known
Explanation
A two-word modifier placed before a noun is normally hyphenated to show that the words act as a single unit. After a linking verb such as "is," however, the hyphen is not used.
Question 41Writing
Choose the phrase that correctly completes the sentence: "All applications ___ by the end of the month."
- must submitting
- must submit
- must be submitted Correct answer.
- must have submit
Explanation
Applications cannot submit themselves, so a passive construction is required. A modal is followed by "be" plus the past participle to form the passive.
Question 42Writing
Which revision best replaces the wordy passive wording: "It was decided by the committee that the meeting would be postponed"?
- It was a decision of the committee that the meeting be postponed.
- A decision was made by the committee to postpone the meeting.
- The committee decided to postpone the meeting. Correct answer.
- The meeting's postponement was decided upon by the committee.
Explanation
The original hides the actor in a passive construction and an empty "it" opener. Naming the committee as the subject and using an active verb produces the most direct version.
Question 43Writing
Choose the word that correctly completes the sentence: "The firm announced ___ new policy on data privacy."
- it
- it's
- its'
- its Correct answer.
Explanation
The possessive form of "it" is "its," written without an apostrophe. The sentence needs a possessive determiner before "new policy."
Question 44Writing
Choose the phrase that correctly completes the sentence: "Not until the audit was complete ___ the discrepancy."
- the firm noticed
- did the firm notice Correct answer.
- the firm did notice
- noticed the firm
Explanation
When a sentence opens with a negative adverbial such as "not until," the subject and auxiliary invert in the main clause. The result is "did the firm notice."
Question 45Writing
Choose the verb that correctly completes the sentence: "She is one of the few analysts who ___ how the model behaves under stress."
- has understood
- understanding
- understands
- understand Correct answer.
Explanation
In the pattern "one of those who," the relative pronoun refers to the plural noun that follows "of," here "analysts." The verb in the relative clause is therefore plural.
Question 46Writing
Choose the word that correctly completes the sentence: "The selection committee ___ twelve members, including two external reviewers."
- comprises Correct answer.
- consists
- comprises of
- composes
Explanation
"Comprise" means "consist of" or "be made up of" and takes a direct object with no preposition. The whole comprises its parts.
Question 47Writing
Choose the word that correctly completes the sentence: "The scholarship will be awarded to ___ the committee judges to be most deserving."
- whom
- whomever
- whichever
- whoever Correct answer.
Explanation
The pronoun is the subject of the verb "is" in the clause "whoever is most deserving," so the nominative form is required. The whole clause, not the pronoun alone, is the object of "to."
Question 48Writing
Which sentence means that she reviewed nothing except the first chapter?
- She reviewed only the first chapter before the meeting. Correct answer.
- She reviewed the first chapter only before the meeting.
- She only reviewed the first chapter before the meeting.
- Only she reviewed the first chapter before the meeting.
Explanation
The limiting word "only" should sit directly before the element it limits. Placed before "the first chapter," it restricts the object of the review.
Question 49Writing
Choose the word that correctly completes the sentence: "The department received ___ applications this quarter than it did last quarter."
- lesser
- fewer Correct answer.
- less
- fewest
Explanation
Nouns that are countable and plural, such as "applications," take the comparative quantifier "fewer." The comparison word "than" signals a comparative form, and "fewer" is the only plural comparative offered. "Less" belongs with noncountable nouns (less time, less funding).
Question 50Writing
Choose the verb form that correctly completes the sentence: "If the laboratory staff ___ the calibration step, the faulty sensor would have been replaced much sooner."
- did not skip
- had not skipped Correct answer.
- would not have skipped
- have not skipped
Explanation
This sentence describes an unreal situation in the past, so the if-clause takes the past perfect ("had not skipped") while the main clause takes "would have" plus a past participle. The pairing of past perfect in the condition with "would have" in the result is what marks the counterfactual meaning.