Chemical Services: Coloring, Bleaching, and Relaxing
What the exam tests
Questions test color theory, developer selection, patch and strand tests, lightening stages, relaxer strength, neutralizing, and hair-integrity checks.
Core rules
- Always perform a patch test before color or lightener according to the product label, and a strand test to predict timing and result.
- Developer volume controls lift and deposit. Higher volume is not automatically better; it increases damage and scalp irritation.
- Lightening goes through stages from dark red to orange, gold, yellow, and pale yellow. Do not promise a result the hair cannot safely reach in one session.
- Relaxers are strong alkaline products. Protect the scalp, follow the manufacturer's timing, rinse thoroughly, and neutralize completely. Do not apply relaxer over a fresh bleach or irritated scalp.
- Check porosity and elasticity before chemical service; overlapping and retouching mistakes cause breakage.
Worked example
A client with dark brown hair wants to be blonde in one visit. Reason it out: assess hair integrity, do a patch test and strand test, and explain that multiple sessions may be needed. If the strand test shows poor elasticity, do not proceed with aggressive lightening. Plan a realistic interval and a conditioning plan rather than using the highest developer to force the result.
Traps that cost marks
Skipping patch or strand tests; overlapping relaxer; lightening compromised hair; and confusing developer volume with guaranteed lift.
Key points
- Patch test and strand test before chemical services.
- Developer volume affects lift, deposit, and damage.
- Lightening follows stages; do not force an unsafe result.
- Relaxers require scalp protection, timing, and complete neutralizing.
- Check porosity and elasticity before proceeding.