阅读理解：一个不认识的动词和一道态度题
A candidate has 45 minutes for four reading passages. Passages 1 and 2 have taken 18 minutes. Passage 3 is a 400-character article about a high-speed-train passenger who complained that another traveller was playing videos on his phone without earphones, and whose complaint led the crew to move the man to the dining car. The candidate is now on question 12 with 27 minutes left; 12 questions remain, including two 4-mark short-answer questions at the end. Question 12 asks 那位乘客为什么投诉. The key sentence reads 他并不是嫌声音大，而是觉得自己提醒了两次都没有人理. Question 13 offers four glosses for 管 in 没有人管: 管理 / 过问 / 负责 / 控制. Question 14 asks 作者对列车员的做法持什么态度, and the final sentence reads 及时处理当然值得肯定，但如果一开始就主动巡视，也许根本不会有这次投诉.
1. The candidate does not know 管 in this context and is tempted to choose 管理 because it looks most familiar. Explain how to reach the right answer using only the sentence and the situation.
Read the worked answer
Use the grammar of the sentence before the meaning of the word. The structure is 没有人 + 管, with no object after 管. That rules out 管理, which needs something to manage (管理图书、管理秩序) and would have to read 没有人管理这里. It also rules out 负责, which in this sense requires 对…负责 or 负责人; 没有人负责 is possible but describes a missing post, not a missing reaction to two reminders. 控制 would need an object such as 局面 or 情绪.
What is left must describe a response to a request. The passenger 提醒了两次, so what he wanted was for someone to step in and deal with it. 过问 - to take an interest in and intervene - fits both the grammar and the situation: 没有人过问 = nobody did anything about it.
So the answer is 过问. The general tactic: when a character is unfamiliar, test each option against the slot it must fill. Two or three are eliminated by grammar alone, and only one survives.
2. Question 14 asks for the writer's attitude. The final sentence praises the crew and then criticises them. How should the candidate write a full-mark answer rather than choosing one half?
Read the worked answer
The sentence is built as 值得肯定，但… - a concession followed by a reservation, and in Chinese 但/不过 marks the writer's real emphasis. So the attitude is not 完全支持 and not 批评; it is 基本肯定，同时有所保留.
A full-mark answer names both halves and says which is primary:
- 作者基本肯定列车员的做法，因为问题最后得到了处理（及时处理值得肯定）。
- 但作者也对列车员有所不满，认为如果一开始就主动巡视，投诉本来可以避免，说明工作不够主动。
Two marks are usually available here: one for the overall stance (肯定) and one for the qualification (不够主动／应该更早介入). Answering only 肯定 loses the second; answering only 批评 loses the first and misreads the 值得肯定.
Practical rule for attitude questions: locate the conjunction (但、不过、其实、然而) and treat what follows it as the writer's main point, while still reporting the concession.
3. With 27 minutes left and 12 questions to go, two of them 4-mark short answers, propose a workable plan and justify the numbers.
Read the worked answer
Rough budget: two 4-mark short answers need about 4 minutes each to write a two-part sentence - 8 minutes. Ten objective items at roughly 1.2 minutes each - 12 minutes. That is 20 minutes, leaving about 7 minutes for passage 4 and a check.
Order of work:
- Finish question 12 immediately. It is a 1-mark detail item and the answer is already in hand: 他觉得提醒了两次都没有人理，不是因为声音大. Do not re-read the whole passage.
- Do question 13 by elimination (grammar first) and question 14 with the 但-rule - both fast once the method is fixed.
- Move to passage 4 before returning to anything unfinished. Passage 4 also carries marks, and the two 4-markers at the end need written time that cannot be improvised.
- Keep the last 3 minutes for the short answers' length and legibility, since 4-mark items are marked on two content points each.
What not to do: spend 6 minutes re-reading passage 3 for one mark. Eighteen minutes on the first two passages was already the overrun that created this situation.