Kumvetsera: Chidziwitso cha Msonkhano ndi Manambala Osokoneza
Inu ndi mphunzitsi wa Chichewa ku Sukulu ya Sekondale ya Nkhalango, ndipo mukuyang'anira gawo la kumvetsera la mayeso a mkati a kalasi ya Form 3. Mumawerenga chidziwitso cha mphindi imodzi ndi theka kawiri, ndipo ophunzira amalemba mfundo zawo pa mapepala. Chidziwitsocho chimanena kuti msonkhano wa makolo udzayamba 'eyiti koloko ndi mphindi khumi ndi zisanu' m'mawa, ku chipinda cha Sitandadi 3, ndipo udzatha 'mpaka khumi koloko'. Pambuyo pa mayeso, Chisomo analemba kuti msonkhano ndi wa 'eyiti koloko ndi makumi asanu', ku holo, ndipo 'udzayamba m'mawa kwambiri'. Ophunzira ena anamva kuti Sitandadi 3 ndi 'chipinda chachitatu'. Chisomo akuti anamva bwino, koma sanalembepo za kusintha kwa malo. Mphunzitsi mzake akuti vutoli ndi la kamvekedwe, koma inu mukuganiza kuti ndi la kumvetsera. Mukudziwa kuti ophunzira anayi pa khumi ndi asanu anamva 'khumi ndi zisanu' ngati 'makumi asanu', ndipo muyenera kudziwa ngati vuto lili mu chidziwitso kapena mu njira yomvetsera.
1. Kodi vuto la Chisomo ndi la kumvetsera, la kamvekedwe, kapena la kukumbukira? Perekani umboni wa m'chidziwitso ndi wa m'mayankho ake, ndipo fotokozani mmene mungawerengere mayankho a ophunzira ena.
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Palibe yankho limodzi lokha; muyenera kusiyanitsa zolakwika zitatu, chifukwa rubriki imawerenga mfundo, osati munthu.
1. 'Khumi ndi zisanu' analemba 'makumi asanu'. Awa ndi manambala osiyana (15 ndi 50). Samveka mofanana: 'khumi' ndi 'makumi' ndi mawu osiyana, ndipo 'zisanu' ndi 'asanu' amasiyananso. Choncho vuto apa ndi la kumvetsa tanthauzo ndi kukumbukira, osati la kamvekedwe. Mphunzitsi mzake akulakwitsa: kamvekedwe kamakhudza mmene liwu limamvekera, koma pano munthu anasankha liwu lolakwika m'gulu la manambala.
2. 'Sitandadi 3' analemba 'holo', ndipo wina anamva 'chipinda chachitatu'. 'Sitandadi' ndi liwu lobwerekedwa; wina anamva gawo lake nokha ndipo anadzaza mwa kuganiza. Izi ndi za kumvetsera ndi kukumbukira: chidziwitso chinali ndi mawu osiyanitsa ('osati holo'), ndipo sanawamve.
3. 'M'mawa kwambiri'. Awa ndi maganizo a Chisomo, osati mawu a m'chidziwitso.
Pa rubriki: manambala ndi malo ndi mfundo zenizeni (0 ngati zolakwika), ndipo musapereke mfundo chifukwa cha 'kuyesa'. Koma pa gawo la 'mfundo zonse' werengani zomwe zalembedwa, osati zomwe mungaganize kuti anamva. Musanawerenge, lekani mapepala onse kaye, lembani zolakwika zobwereza, kenako konzani rubriki.
2. Lembaninso chidziwitsocho mwachidule kuti chisamveke bwino, ndipo fotokozani chifukwa cha kusintha kulikonse.
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Chitsanzo cha chidziwitso cholembedwanso:
'Chonde, Amayi ndi Abambo, mverani bwino. Msonkhano wa makolo udzayamba eyiti koloko ndi mphindi khumi ndi zisanu m'mawa - ndiye kuti mphindi khumi ndi zisanu kuchokera pa eyiti koloko. Osati mphindi makumi asanu. Malo a msonkhano ndi chipinda cha Sitandadi 3, osati holo. Msonkhano udzatha khumi koloko. Chonde musachedwe.'
Zifukwa:
- Kubwereza manambala m'njira ziŵiri. Kuyankhula 'khumi ndi zisanu' ndi kufotokoza kuti 'mphindi khumi ndi zisanu kuchokera pa eyiti koloko' kumapatsa womvetsera mwayi wachiwiri wotsimikiza. Manambala ndi gawo limene anthu amasowa kwambiri.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito 'osati'. Mawu osiyanitsa amathandiza kuletsa kuganiza molakwika (osati holo, osati makumi asanu).
- Kuchedwetsa pa mfundo yofunika. Kuyankhula pang'onopang'ono pa manambala ndi malo kumathandiza, osati kufulumira.
- Kuchotsa 'm'mawa kwambiri'. Mawuwa ndi osamveka bwino; nthawi yeniyeni ndi yabwino kuposa mawu ofotokoza.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mawu otsogolera. 'Choyamba... kenako... pomaliza' amathandiza womvetsera kudziwa kuti mfundo ikubwera.
3. Perekani njira zitatu zophunzitsira ophunzira kulemba manambala molondola pa kumvetsera.
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Kuphunzitsa manambala m'magulu aŵiri. Onetsani gulu la 'khumi ndi ...' (11-19) ndi gulu la 'makumi ...' (20, 30, 40, 50). Pangani mndandanda wa mawu osokoneza: khumi ndi zisanu / makumi asanu, khumi ndi zitatu / makumi atatu, khumi ndi zinayi / makumi anayi. Ophunzira amalemba manambala a digito mwamsanga akamva, kenako amawerenga.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mawu ozungulira. Phunzitsani kuti akamva 'makumi asanu' ayang'ane mawu ena a m'chiganizo (monga 'mphindi'). Ngati nkhani ikunena za mphindi za pa wotchi, 'makumi asanu' ndi yotheka koma 'khumi ndi zisanu' ndi yofala.
Kubwereza ndi kutsimikiza. Phunzitsani kuti pa kumvetsera kwachiŵiri asamangolembenso zonse, koma atsimikize manambala, masiku, ndi malo okha. Izi zimapatsa mwayi wosintha zolakwika za kumvetsera koyamba.