Galamala ndi Kapangidwe ka Ziganizo (Grammar and Sentence Structure)
Gawo la Galamala ndi Kapangidwe ka Ziganizo limayesa kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a Chichewa: magulu a maina (noun classes), kugwirizana kwa maina ndi ma verb, nthawi (tense), ndi kapangidwe ka ziganizo. Mumafunsidwa kudziwa prefix yoyenera, kukonza chiganizo, ndi kusankha mawu olondola.
Mfundo zazikulu
- Maina ali m'magulu; gulu limodzi limakhala ndi prefix yake. Mwachitsanzo, gulu la 1 limayamba ndi "m-" kapena "mu-" ndipo limagwirizana ndi "a-" pa verb.
- Verb imakhala ndi subject marker, tense marker, object marker, muzu, ndi final vowel. Mwachitsanzo: "a-ku-wereng-a" = iye akuwerenga.
- Tense marker imasintha nthawi: "-ku-" present, "-na-" past, "-dza-" future, "-a-" perfect.
- Chiganizo choyenera chimakhala ndi mutu ndi mneni; osasiya subject marker.
- Gwiritsani ntchito "ndi" pa kugwirizanitsa, ndipo "na" pa kuphatikiza zinthu.
Chitsanzo chogwiritsidwa ntchito
Chiganizo: "Ana aja akuwerenga buku." Yang'anani: "ana" ndi gulu la 2, subject marker "a-"; "ku-" ndi tense ya present; "wereng" ndi muzu; "a" ndi final vowel. "Buku" ndi object. Chiganizo ndi cholondola chifukwa maina ndi verb zimagwirizana. Ngati tikanena "Ana aja ikuwerenga buku", prefix "i-" ikulozera gulu lina ndipo chiganizo sichilondola.
Zolemba zomwe zimachotsa mphambu
Kugwiritsa ntchito prefix yolakwika; kusiya subject marker; kusokoneza "ndi" ndi "na"; kulephera kusintha tense; kugwiritsa ntchito gulu la maina mosagwirizana.