Accidents, Emergencies and First Aid
What this domain tests
This section tests whether you can secure a scene, protect casualties and give correct basic care without making injuries worse.
At the scene
Stop, switch off the engine and apply the parking brake. Switch on the hazard lights and place warning triangles behind the scene, further back on a fast road or blind rise. Call 10177 for an ambulance, 10111 for police, or 112 from a cellphone. Do not move an injured person unless fire, fuel or traffic forces it. Report the crash to police within 24 hours if anyone was injured or property was damaged, and exchange names, addresses and vehicle details.
First aid basics
- DRABC: Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation.
- Unresponsive but breathing: recovery position.
- Not breathing: CPR at 30 compressions to 2 breaths, 100–120 compressions a minute, 5–6 cm deep.
- Bleeding: firm direct pressure with a clean dressing.
- Burns: cool running water for at least 20 minutes; do not burst blisters.
- Suspected fracture: immobilise; never straighten the limb.
Worked example
A motorcyclist is unconscious but breathing on a busy road. Reasoning: the airway comes first, but moving him risks spinal injury, so he is moved only if traffic or fire threatens. Action: secure the scene, place him in the recovery position while supporting the head and neck, monitor breathing, and wait for the ambulance.
Traps
Giving an unconscious person water; pulling off a breathing rider's helmet without cause; leaving the scene to fetch help instead of sending someone else; forgetting the 24-hour reporting duty.