Nail Technology and Manicure/Pedicure
Nail anatomy and implements
The nail plate is keratin; it sits on the nail bed. The matrix produces the plate, and its visible portion is the lunula. The cuticle is dead tissue sealing the nail; the eponychium is the living fold, and the hyponychium lies under the free edge. Do not cut living tissue. Manicure and pedicure require cleaned, disinfected implements; single-use files and buffers are preferred. Autoclave items that contact blood or break skin.
Disorders and infection control
Fungal infection (onychomycosis), bacterial paronychia, and Pseudomonas (green discoloration) require referral, not cosmetic coverage. Diabetes, circulatory problems, and anticoagulant use increase risk; take extra care and refer when uncertain. Disinfect non-invasive tools with a hospital-grade tuberculocidal agent after cleaning.
Worked example
A client presents with green discoloration under the nail plate. Reasoning: suspect Pseudomonas; do not apply polish or puncture the plate; refer to a physician; clean and disinfect all implements, and discard single-use items. Coating traps moisture and can spread infection.
Traps that cost marks
- Cutting the cuticle and opening a portal for infection.
- Sharing files or nippers without disinfection.
- Applying polish over a suspected infection.
- Using UV cabinets as a substitute for proper cleaning and disinfection.