First aid, hypothermia and care of survivors
First aid, hypothermia and care of survivors
This domain tests casualty care in a survival craft: drowning, hypothermia, injuries, seasickness and the psychological care of survivors.
Core rules
- Hypothermia: cold, pale, shivering then confused, slow pulse, unconscious. Handle gently, insulate from the deck, remove wet clothing if possible, and rewarm gradually. Do not rub limbs, give alcohol, or allow walking.
- Drowning: check breathing, give rescue breaths and CPR if trained; do not waste time trying to drain water from the lungs.
- Injuries: control bleeding, immobilise suspected fractures, treat burns and shock.
- Seasickness: give tablets early, keep the casualty in fresh air, and prevent dehydration.
- Survivor care: water ration, shade, dry clothing, reassurance and monitoring.
Worked example
A survivor is shivering violently but conscious. The candidate should insulate the person, remove wet clothing, give warm sweet drinks only if fully conscious, and monitor. Reasoning: shivering means the body is still generating heat; rough handling or rapid rewarming can cause dangerous heart rhythms. Gradual rewarming and gentle handling are correct.
Traps
Giving alcohol to a hypothermic casualty; rubbing the limbs; making a casualty walk; giving fluids to an unconscious person; ignoring seasickness and dehydration.