First 50 of 200 questions. Each one lists the choices, the correct answer, and an explanation. The checker at the top of this page saves progress in this browser when it is available.
Continue in the practice tool above to load more questions, 50 at a time.
Question 1New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
Under New Jersey's Graduated Driver License program, a holder of an examination permit who is 21 or older may drive unsupervised during which hours?
- Only between 5:01 a.m. and 11:00 p.m.
- Only during daylight hours
- At any hour of the day or night Correct answer.
- Only between 6:00 a.m. and midnight
Explanation
The curfew restrictions of the Graduated Driver License program apply to permit and probationary license holders under 21. A permit holder who is 21 or older is not subject to the nighttime driving restriction and may drive unsupervised at any hour, though other GDL limits still apply.
Question 2New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
A New Jersey probationary driver's license holder who is under 21 is generally limited to how many passengers in the vehicle?
- Two passengers, one of whom must be licensed
- One passenger, unless a parent or guardian is present Correct answer.
- No passengers at all
- Three passengers, regardless of age
Explanation
The probationary license passenger limit for drivers under 21 allows only one additional passenger unless a parent or guardian is riding along. The restriction is designed to reduce distraction during the first year of unsupervised driving.
Question 3New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
In New Jersey, a driver approaching a stopped school bus with its red lights flashing on a two-lane road must do what?
- Stop and remain stopped until the red lights stop flashing Correct answer.
- Honk and proceed if no children are visible
- Slow to 25 mph and pass carefully
- Stop only if traveling in the same direction as the bus
Explanation
Flashing red lights on a school bus mean children are loading or unloading. Traffic in both directions must stop and stay stopped until the red lights are turned off, regardless of whether children are visible.
Question 4New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
What is the maximum speed limit on most New Jersey rural interstate highways unless posted otherwise?
- 75 mph
- 55 mph
- 65 mph Correct answer.
- 70 mph
Explanation
New Jersey sets 65 mph as the general maximum on rural interstate highways unless a sign shows a different limit. Lower limits apply on other road types and in posted zones.
Question 5New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
When two vehicles arrive at an uncontrolled intersection at the same time, which driver has the right of way?
- The driver traveling faster
- The driver on the right Correct answer.
- The driver who honks first
- The driver on the left
Explanation
At an intersection with no signs or signals, the vehicle on the left must yield to the vehicle on the right. This rule prevents collisions when arrival times are simultaneous.
Question 6New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
A New Jersey driver must signal a turn or lane change at least how far in advance?
- 200 feet
- 50 feet
- 300 feet
- 100 feet Correct answer.
Explanation
New Jersey requires a turn or lane-change signal at least 100 feet before the maneuver so other drivers have time to react. Signaling earlier is safer on high-speed roads.
Question 7New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
How far before a turn must a New Jersey driver signal when the posted speed limit is 50 mph or more?
- 300 feet Correct answer.
- 100 feet
- 150 feet
- 500 feet
Explanation
At speeds of 50 mph or higher, signals must be given at least 300 feet before the turn or lane change. The longer distance reflects the greater stopping distance at highway speeds.
Question 8New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
A solid yellow line on your side of a two-lane road means what?
- Passing is permitted when the road is clear
- The lane ahead is reserved for buses
- You may cross only to make a left turn into a driveway
- You may not cross the line to pass Correct answer.
Explanation
A solid yellow line on your side marks a no-passing zone, meaning you may not cross it to overtake another vehicle. It may be crossed only for a left turn into a driveway or side road where permitted.
Question 9New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
What does a flashing yellow traffic signal mean?
- Stop completely before proceeding
- The signal is broken and the intersection is uncontrolled
- Proceed with caution Correct answer.
- Yield only to vehicles on the right
Explanation
A flashing yellow light warns drivers to slow down and proceed carefully while watching for cross traffic. It does not require a full stop.
Question 10New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
A New Jersey driver approaching a railroad crossing with flashing red lights and lowered gates must do what?
- Stop only if a train is within 500 feet
- Slow to 15 mph and cross carefully
- Stop and wait until the lights stop flashing and the gates rise Correct answer.
- Stop, then drive around the gates if no train is visible
Explanation
Lowered gates and flashing red lights mean a train is approaching, and drivers must stop and remain stopped until the signals stop and the gates are fully raised. Driving around gates is both illegal and extremely dangerous.
Question 11New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
In New Jersey, when must a driver use headlights?
- Only when other drivers flash their lights
- Only between sunset and sunrise
- Only on unlit rural roads
- Whenever visibility is 500 feet or less, and during precipitation Correct answer.
Explanation
Headlights are required from sunset to sunrise and whenever weather or other conditions reduce visibility to 500 feet or less. Using them during rain or snow improves your visibility to others.
Question 12New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
A New Jersey driver who is involved in a crash causing injury or death must notify police within what time period?
- Immediately Correct answer.
- Within 5 days
- Within 48 hours
- Within 24 hours
Explanation
When a crash results in injury or death, the driver must notify the police immediately. Prompt notice allows medical response and preserves the crash scene for investigation.
Question 13New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
Under New Jersey's implied consent law, what happens to a driver who refuses a breath test after arrest for drunk driving?
- The refusal may be used as evidence and the license is subject to suspension Correct answer.
- The driver may retake the test the next day
- The driver is released without further consequence
- Nothing, because refusal cannot be penalized
Explanation
By driving in New Jersey, a motorist consents to chemical testing after a lawful arrest for impaired driving. Refusing the test can be used against the driver and triggers license suspension under the implied consent law.
Question 14New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
What is the legal blood alcohol concentration limit for a New Jersey driver who is 21 or older?
- 0.05 percent
- 0.15 percent
- 0.10 percent
- 0.08 percent Correct answer.
Explanation
New Jersey sets 0.08 percent BAC as the per se limit for drivers 21 and older. A lower limit of 0.01 percent applies to drivers under 21.
Question 15New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
A New Jersey driver under 21 with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.01 percent or higher faces what consequence?
- A mandatory jail sentence of 30 days
- A warning letter only
- No penalty, because the adult limit is 0.08
- License suspension and other penalties under the zero-tolerance law Correct answer.
Explanation
New Jersey's zero-tolerance law makes any BAC of 0.01 percent or higher for a driver under 21 a violation. Penalties include license suspension, fines, and required education, even if the driver appears sober.
Question 16New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
When a school bus is stopped with red lights flashing on a divided highway separated by a median, who must stop?
- All traffic in both directions
- Only traffic in the lane closest to the bus
- Only traffic traveling in the same direction as the bus Correct answer.
- No one, because the median separates the roadway
Explanation
On a divided highway with a median, only traffic on the same side as the stopped school bus must stop for flashing red lights. Opposing traffic on the far side of the median is not required to stop.
Question 17New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
A New Jersey driver is driving on a road with a posted 40 mph limit and approaches a pedestrian crossing at an unmarked crosswalk. What is required?
- Yield and stop for the pedestrian in the crosswalk Correct answer.
- Continue at 40 mph if the pedestrian is on the far side
- Sound the horn so the pedestrian waits
- Yield to the pedestrian once they are in the driver's lane only
Explanation
Drivers must yield to pedestrians in a crosswalk, marked or unmarked, and must stop for them rather than merely slowing. The duty applies regardless of the posted speed limit.
Question 18New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
A New Jersey driver whose license is suspended for a first driving-while-intoxicated offense may obtain a restricted-use license for what purpose?
- Driving only within a five-mile radius of home
- Driving only with a licensed passenger
- Driving to and from work or school, subject to conditions Correct answer.
- Any purpose, as long as driving is during daylight
Explanation
A restricted-use license may allow driving to and from work, school, or other essential activities during the suspension period, subject to program conditions. It is not a full restoration of driving privileges.
Question 19New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
Under New Jersey's point system, how many points are assessed for a speeding violation of 15 mph over the posted limit?
- 3 points
- 5 points
- 4 points Correct answer.
- 2 points
Explanation
Speeding 15 mph over the limit carries 4 points under New Jersey's point schedule. Points increase with the amount over the limit and can lead to surcharges and suspension.
Question 20New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
A New Jersey motorist accumulates 12 points on their driving record within two years. What happens?
- The motorist receives a notice of scheduled suspension and may request a hearing Correct answer.
- The motorist must retake the written test only
- The points are erased without consequence
- The license is automatically revoked for one year
Explanation
Accumulating 12 points in two years triggers a notice of suspension, and the driver may request a hearing to contest it or seek a reduction. The Motor Vehicle Commission then decides on the suspension.
Question 21New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
When may a New Jersey driver legally pass another vehicle on the right?
- Never, under any circumstances
- Only on a shoulder
- Whenever traffic is moving slowly in all lanes
- When the vehicle ahead is making a left turn and there is room on the right Correct answer.
Explanation
Passing on the right is permitted when the vehicle ahead is turning left and there is sufficient space to pass safely on the right. Passing on the shoulder or off the roadway is not allowed.
Question 22New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
A New Jersey driver parked on a two-way street must park how far from a fire hydrant?
- 5 feet
- 10 feet Correct answer.
- 15 feet
- 25 feet
Explanation
New Jersey law requires vehicles to park at least 10 feet from a fire hydrant so fire crews can connect equipment. Parking closer can result in a ticket or towing.
Question 23New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
When driving in fog, which headlight setting should a New Jersey driver use?
- Parking lights only
- High beams to see farther
- Low beams to reduce glare Correct answer.
- Hazard lights while moving
Explanation
Low beams are correct in fog because high beams reflect off the moisture and worsen visibility. Hazard lights should not be used while the vehicle is moving.
Question 24New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
A New Jersey driver must yield the right of way to an emergency vehicle approaching with sirens and flashing lights by doing what?
- Continuing at the same speed
- Stopping immediately in the travel lane
- Speeding up to clear the intersection
- Pulling to the right edge of the roadway and stopping Correct answer.
Explanation
Drivers must pull over to the right edge of the road and stop until the emergency vehicle passes. Stopping in the travel lane can block the emergency vehicle and cause a crash.
Question 25New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
A New Jersey driver approaching a steady red arrow pointing left must do what?
- Proceed if no pedestrians are present
- Treat it as a yield sign
- Stop and wait for a green arrow or green light before turning left Correct answer.
- Turn left after yielding to traffic
Explanation
A steady red arrow prohibits movement in the direction of the arrow until a green arrow or green light appears. Turning left on a red arrow is not permitted.
Question 26New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
In New Jersey, a driver moving to the left or right on a multi-lane road must use the turn signal for at least how many feet before the lane change?
- 50 feet
- 500 feet
- 100 feet Correct answer.
- 300 feet
Explanation
New Jersey requires a turn or lane-change signal for at least 100 feet before the maneuver. The signal must be given continuously so other drivers can anticipate the move. Signaling later than that does not satisfy the requirement.
Question 27New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
A New Jersey driver wants to make a right turn at an intersection. Which action best satisfies the manual's procedure for turning right?
- Turn from any lane as long as the signal is on for 100 feet
- Swing wide to the left before turning to increase the turning radius
- Begin the turn from the lane closest to the right curb and stay close to it through the turn Correct answer.
- Move into the left lane first, then cut sharply across to the right
Explanation
A right turn should be started from the rightmost lane or as close to the right curb as practical, and the vehicle should remain close to the curb throughout the turn. This keeps the turn predictable and avoids cutting into adjacent lanes. Swinging wide or turning from another lane creates conflict with other traffic.
Question 28New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
What does a pentagon-shaped sign indicate to a New Jersey driver?
- A regulatory speed limit
- A construction zone
- A railroad crossing ahead
- A school zone or school crossing Correct answer.
Explanation
The five-sided (pentagon) sign is used for school zones and school crossings. Its distinctive shape lets drivers recognize it quickly even before reading the words. Other shapes identify other warnings and regulations.
Question 29New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
A New Jersey driver sees a circular sign with a yellow background crossed by a black diagonal line over a symbol. What should the driver understand?
- The maneuver or condition shown is recommended
- The maneuver or condition shown is required
- The maneuver or condition shown is prohibited Correct answer.
- The maneuver or condition shown is permitted only at night
Explanation
A yellow circle with a black diagonal slash is the symbol for a prohibition. Whatever action or condition is pictured inside the circle is not allowed. Drivers should not treat the slash as a warning or a suggestion.
Question 30New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
An orange diamond-shaped sign appears on a New Jersey roadway. What type of information does it convey?
- A construction or maintenance zone warning Correct answer.
- A guide to nearby services
- A warning about a permanent road condition
- A regulatory requirement that carries points
Explanation
Orange diamond signs are used for construction and maintenance areas. They alert drivers to workers, lane shifts, and temporary conditions. Permanent warnings use yellow diamonds, and services use blue guide signs.
Question 31New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
At an intersection with no signs or signals, a New Jersey driver arrives at the same time as a vehicle on the right. Who has the right of way?
- The vehicle traveling faster
- Whichever driver signals first
- The vehicle on the right Correct answer.
- The driver on the left
Explanation
When two vehicles reach an uncontrolled intersection at about the same time, the driver on the left must yield to the vehicle on the right. This rule gives a predictable answer and prevents both drivers from proceeding together. Signaling a turn does not create a right of way.
Question 32New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
A New Jersey driver is entering a highway from an acceleration lane. What is the correct approach?
- Stop at the end of the ramp and wait for a gap in traffic
- Merge immediately at low speed and let highway drivers adjust
- Drive on the shoulder until the next exit
- Build speed to match highway traffic and merge when a safe gap exists Correct answer.
Explanation
An acceleration lane exists so a driver can reach a speed close to that of highway traffic before merging. The driver should signal, check mirrors and blind spots, and enter when there is a safe gap. Stopping at the end of a ramp disrupts traffic and increases crash risk.
Question 33New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
A New Jersey driver is following a large truck. Which practice does the manual recommend?
- Drive alongside the truck's trailer to stay visible
- Use the truck's draft to save fuel
- Follow closely so other cars cannot cut in
- Keep well back so the truck driver can see the car and the road ahead Correct answer.
Explanation
Large trucks have significant blind spots and long stopping distances, so following too closely hides your vehicle from the driver's mirrors. Keeping a generous following distance improves visibility for both drivers and leaves room to stop. Passing should be completed promptly rather than lingering alongside.
Question 34New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
When a New Jersey driver is being passed by another vehicle, what should the driver do?
- Sound the horn and brake sharply
- Move into the left lane to block the pass
- Speed up to keep the passing vehicle from completing the pass
- Maintain speed and stay in the lane, moving right if needed Correct answer.
Explanation
A driver being overtaken should hold a steady speed and keep to the right so the passing vehicle can complete the maneuver safely. Speeding up or blocking the pass creates a dangerous situation. Cooperating with the pass is required by safe-driving practice.
Question 35New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
How should a New Jersey driver use the horn according to the manual?
- To greet pedestrians and cyclists
- Continuously in heavy traffic to announce presence
- Only as a warning to others to avoid a crash Correct answer.
- To express annoyance at other drivers
Explanation
The horn is a safety device meant to warn others of danger, such as a vehicle drifting into your lane. It should not be used to vent frustration or to greet people. Unnecessary honking can startle drivers and pedestrians.
Question 36New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
A New Jersey driver is parking on a hill facing downhill with a curb. Which action is correct?
- Turn the wheels toward the curb and set the parking brake Correct answer.
- Turn the wheels toward the center of the road
- Turn the wheels away from the curb and set the parking brake
- Leave the wheels straight and rely on the transmission
Explanation
When parking facing downhill with a curb, turn the front wheels toward the curb so the vehicle would roll into the curb if it moved. Set the parking brake and place the transmission in park or a low gear. This prevents the vehicle from rolling into traffic.
Question 37New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
Under New Jersey law, what is the maximum speed limit on most state highways unless otherwise posted?
- 50 mph
- 45 mph
- 55 mph Correct answer.
- 65 mph
Explanation
New Jersey sets 55 mph as the general maximum on most state highways unless a different limit is posted. Posted limits can be lower or, on certain designated highways, higher. Drivers must always obey the posted limit where one exists.
Question 38New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
A New Jersey driver approaches a steady yellow light at an intersection. What should the driver do?
- Accelerate to clear the intersection before the light turns red
- Stop if it can be done safely before entering the intersection Correct answer.
- Stop abruptly in the middle of the intersection
- Continue at the same speed regardless of position
Explanation
A steady yellow light warns that the signal is about to turn red, so a driver should stop if there is enough distance to do so safely. If the vehicle is too close to stop safely, the driver may proceed through. Accelerating to beat the red is unsafe and can lead to a violation.
Question 39New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
A New Jersey driver wants to make a left turn from a two-way street onto another two-way street. Where should the vehicle be positioned before turning?
- Close to the right curb
- In the lane for oncoming traffic
- Just left of the center line, in the proper lane Correct answer.
- On the shoulder of the road
Explanation
A left turn from a two-way street is made from the lane just to the right of the center line, keeping the turn tight. The driver must yield to oncoming traffic before completing the turn. Turning from the wrong lane can cause a collision with vehicles beside you.
Question 40New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
What does a white rectangular sign with black lettering typically do for a New Jersey driver?
- Provides a warning about road conditions
- Marks a school crossing
- Directs drivers to nearby services
- States a traffic law or regulation Correct answer.
Explanation
White rectangular signs with black lettering are regulatory signs that state laws such as speed limits, lane use, and turn restrictions. Drivers must obey them. Warnings appear on yellow diamonds, services on blue signs, and school crossings on pentagons.
Question 41New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
A New Jersey driver is on a road with a solid white line separating lanes. What does the line mean?
- Lane changes are encouraged whenever traffic slows
- Parking is permitted along the line
- Lane changes are discouraged, and crossing is allowed only where necessary Correct answer.
- The lane to the right is for oncoming traffic
Explanation
A solid white line marks the edge of a lane and indicates that lane changes are discouraged. A driver should cross it only when necessary, such as to avoid a hazard or reach a turn. A double solid white line must not be crossed.
Question 42New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
A New Jersey driver approaches a crosswalk where a pedestrian is waiting to cross but has not yet stepped into the roadway. What is the driver's obligation?
- Yield and allow the pedestrian to cross safely Correct answer.
- Sound the horn to warn the pedestrian
- Change lanes to pass the pedestrian
- Proceed because the pedestrian is still on the curb
Explanation
New Jersey law requires drivers to stop for pedestrians in a crosswalk, and safe practice extends that courtesy to someone clearly waiting to cross. Yielding protects the pedestrian and complies with the state's pedestrian right-of-way rules. Honking or swerving around the person is unsafe.
Question 43New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
A New Jersey driver's vehicle has an anti-lock braking system. How should the driver brake in an emergency?
- Pump the brake pedal rapidly
- Press the brake pedal firmly and hold it Correct answer.
- Brake gently and steer off the road
- Apply the parking brake instead
Explanation
With anti-lock brakes, the driver should press the pedal firmly and hold it while steering; the system prevents wheel lockup. Pumping the pedal defeats the purpose of ABS. Steering while braking firmly is the correct emergency technique.
Question 44New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
Why does the New Jersey manual advise drivers to look well ahead of the vehicle rather than just at the bumper?
- To spot hazards early and have time to react Correct answer.
- To read road signs more quickly
- To keep the engine at a steady temperature
- To reduce the need to check mirrors
Explanation
Looking far ahead gives a driver more time to identify hazards and choose a safe response. It also helps maintain a steady lane position. Mirrors are still needed for awareness behind the vehicle.
Question 45New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
A New Jersey driver is driving at night and an oncoming vehicle's high beams are blinding them. What should the driver do?
- Speed up to pass the oncoming vehicle quickly
- Look toward the right edge of the lane until the vehicle passes Correct answer.
- Close one eye and keep looking straight ahead
- Turn on high beams to retaliate
Explanation
Looking toward the right edge of the road helps preserve night vision while the oncoming vehicle passes. The driver should slow down if visibility is reduced. Flashing high beams back can blind the other driver and increases risk.
Question 46New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
A New Jersey driver is convicted of a first offense of driving while intoxicated. What is one consequence under the state's drunk driving law?
- Immediate permanent loss of the vehicle
- A reduction in insurance premiums
- A fine and a period of license suspension Correct answer.
- Only a written warning
Explanation
A first drunk driving conviction in New Jersey carries fines, fees, license suspension, and other requirements such as education or treatment. The penalties escalate for repeat offenses. A warning alone is not a lawful outcome for a DWI conviction.
Question 47New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
A New Jersey driver is under 21 and holds a probationary license. Which restriction applies to passengers in the vehicle?
- Only one passenger unless accompanied by a parent or guardian, with limited exceptions Correct answer.
- Only passengers over 21 may ride along
- Any number of passengers may ride at any time
- No passengers are ever permitted
Explanation
New Jersey places passenger limits on probationary drivers to reduce distraction during the learning period. Generally only one passenger is allowed unless a parent or guardian is in the vehicle, with limited exceptions. The restriction eases as the driver gains experience.
Question 48New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
What is the purpose of New Jersey's graduated driver licensing program for new drivers?
- To allow driving without insurance
- To let new drivers skip the road test
- To reduce the cost of vehicle registration
- To phase in driving privileges as experience and skills grow Correct answer.
Explanation
Graduated driver licensing introduces driving privileges in stages, starting with supervised practice and moving to fuller privileges as the driver gains experience. The goal is to reduce crash risk among young and new drivers. It does not remove testing or insurance requirements.
Question 49New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
A New Jersey driver's vehicle begins to skid on a wet road. What should the driver do?
- Brake as hard as possible immediately
- Ease off the accelerator and steer in the direction the rear is sliding Correct answer.
- Steer sharply in the opposite direction of the skid
- Accelerate to pull out of the skid
Explanation
When the rear of the vehicle slides, easing off the accelerator and steering in the direction of the slide helps the tires regain grip. Sharp or sudden inputs can worsen the skid. Hard braking may cause further loss of control.
Question 50New Jersey Driver Manual content (official content domains not enumerated in source)
A New Jersey driver is behind a bicyclist on a narrow road. What is the safest action?
- Follow within a few feet until the bicyclist turns off
- Pass closely to get by quickly
- Slow down and pass only when there is enough room to leave a safe distance Correct answer.
- Honk continuously until the bicyclist moves over
Explanation
Bicyclists are entitled to space on the road, and drivers should slow down and pass only when they can leave a safe clearance. Passing too closely can cause the rider to lose control. Following within a few feet leaves no room to react.