Vehicle Safety Systems, Pre-Trip Inspection, and Vehicle Control
What this domain tests
This domain tests pre-trip inspection, safety systems, and basic vehicle control. The exam expects practical checks and correct use of ABS, ESC, TPMS, belts, and mirrors.
Core rules
- A pre-trip check includes tires and pressure, lights, turn signals, brake lights, fluids, wipers, mirrors, seat and head restraint, and brake feel.
- Tire pressure should be checked when tires are cold; TPMS warns of low pressure but is not a substitute for a gauge check.
- Seat belts must be worn correctly; airbags supplement belts, not replace them. Children must use appropriate restraints.
- ABS prevents wheel lockup and allows steering during hard braking; ESC helps correct skids but cannot overcome excessive speed.
- Adjust mirrors to reduce blind spots, sit at least 10 inches from the airbag, and use push-pull steering for control.
Worked example
A student's TPMS light stays on after filling one tire. The instructor should check all four tires with a gauge and inspect for a leak, not just reset the light. TPMS can be triggered by temperature changes, but a persistent light may indicate a puncture.
Traps that cost marks
Do not check tire pressure after a long drive and treat it as cold pressure. Do not pump ABS brakes. Do not rely on ESC to allow faster cornering.