Hazard Avoidance and Emergency Maneuvers (Braking, Swerving, Skidding)
What this domain tests
Hazard avoidance is about choosing the right response before panic sets in: progressive braking, a controlled swerve, or a combination that preserves traction. The exam tests both technique and judgment.
Braking
Use both brakes. The front brake supplies most stopping power, but it must be applied progressively; a sudden grab can lock the front wheel or pitch the bike. The rear brake adds stability, especially at low speed. On a surface with less traction, use less brake and more distance. If the motorcycle has ABS, apply firm pressure and let the system manage lockup; do not pump the lever.
Swerving
A swerve is a quick change of path to avoid a hazard. Keep the throttle steady, push the grip on the side you want to go, and look at the escape path. Brake and swerve separately unless ABS and the bike's design allow combined inputs; hard braking while leaned reduces the traction available for turning.
Skidding
If the rear wheel locks, keep the rear brake applied and steer straight until the bike stops; releasing a locked rear wheel suddenly can produce a violent high-side. If the front wheel locks, release the front brake smoothly to restore rolling and steering. Prevention is better: progressive braking and matched speed.
Worked example
A car pulls out from a driveway 60 feet ahead. The rider has room to stop, so the correct choice is a straight-line stop with both brakes, not a swerve into oncoming traffic. If the car blocks the lane and there is no stopping distance, the rider swerves around the front of the car, looks at the gap, and keeps the throttle steady.
Traps
Target fixation, grabbing the front brake, braking hard while leaned, and swerving without looking at the escape path.