Patient Rights, Informed Consent, Confidentiality, and Professional Conduct
What the exam tests
This domain tests patient autonomy, consent, privacy, and professional boundaries. The exam often frames these as what the PT should do first questions.
Informed consent
Before treatment, the PT should explain the evaluation, proposed interventions, expected benefits, material risks, alternatives, and the right to refuse or withdraw. Consent may be verbal or written according to the rule and setting; document what was discussed. For minors or patients lacking capacity, obtain consent from the appropriate guardian and follow applicable law.
Confidentiality
Patient information is protected by HIPAA and New Mexico law. Disclose only with a valid authorization or a legal exception such as abuse reporting, court order, or emergency. Use the minimum necessary information. Do not discuss patients in public areas, hallways, or social media. Telehealth requires a private setting and secure platform.
Professional conduct
Maintain professional boundaries, avoid exploitation, and do not abandon patients. Report impairments that affect practice. Respect cultural and language needs, and provide interpretation when needed. A financial conflict or gift relationship that compromises judgment is a risk.
Worked example
A patient declines a balance intervention because of fear of falling. The PT explains the risk of not addressing balance, offers a seated alternative and a gait-belt setup, and documents the discussion and the patient's choice. The PT does not threaten discharge or proceed without consent.
Traps that cost marks
Do not assume a signed general consent covers every new intervention; material changes require a new discussion. Do not release records to a spouse or employer without authorization. Do not post identifiable patient details. Do not continue treatment after the patient withdraws consent except to arrange safe termination.