Patrolling, Access Control, and Physical Security
Patrolling, Access Control, and Physical Security
This domain tests how guards deter crime and control movement through a site. The exam favors layered security, visible patrols, and credential checks over random aggression.
Core rules
- Patrols should be visible, unpredictable in timing, and documented. Vary routes but check high-value and vulnerable areas.
- Access control uses layers: perimeter, doors, badges, visitor logs, keys, and escort rules. Verify credentials politely and consistently.
- Tailgating and propped doors are common failures. Challenge them calmly and log the event.
- CCTV supports, but does not replace, patrols and human judgment. Preserve footage according to policy.
- Keys and access cards are accountable items; never lend them or leave them unattended.
- Life safety egress must never be blocked by security locks or stored items.
Worked example
At a Los Alamos research campus, a guard sees two people enter behind one badge swipe. The guard asks the second person to badge in, discovers the person is a visitor without an escort, and calls the host. The guard logs the tailgating attempt and does not physically block the door with a cart.
Traps
Aggressively challenging every visitor; locking exit doors to prevent theft; assuming cameras deter all crime; skipping patrol logs; sharing access codes.
Key points
- Patrol visibly and document.
- Control access in layers.
- Challenge tailgating and propped doors.
- Keep egress open.
- Protect keys, cards, and footage.