Communicating
Communicating tests how you tell other road users what you intend to do and warn them of risk. The exam covers turn signals, lane-change signals, four-way flashers, headlights, horn use, brake tapping, and lane position. Communication does not guarantee cooperation, but it reduces surprise.
Core rules
- Signal at least 100 feet before a turn, and signal earlier at highway speed. Cancel the signal after the maneuver.
- Signal lane changes and check mirrors and blind spots before moving.
- Use four-way flashers when moving slowly, stopped in a hazardous position, or driving well below traffic speed where allowed.
- Use the horn only to warn, not to express anger. A light tap may be enough; a long blast can startle or confuse.
- At night or in low visibility, use headlights and marker lights. Flash headlights only to warn, not to demand the right of way.
- Tap the brakes lightly to warn following drivers of a slowdown; do not brake-check.
- Lane position communicates intent: do not drift toward a turn you are not making.
Worked example
A truck is climbing a two-lane grade at 25 mph with a line of traffic behind. The driver turns on four-way flashers, keeps right, and uses a turnout to let traffic pass. The flashers warn approaching drivers of a slow-moving vehicle; the turnout removes the pressure to pass on a blind curve. The driver has communicated both “I am slow” and “I am letting you by.”
Traps
- Assuming a driver who makes eye contact has seen you.
- Using the horn as punishment instead of warning.
- Forgetting to cancel a turn signal.
- Signaling only after starting the maneuver.