Dangerous goods, security and environmental requirements
Dangerous goods
Part 92 adopts the ICAO Technical Instructions. The shipper classifies, packs, marks, labels and documents the goods; the operator must accept only compliant consignments, train staff, provide the pilot with the NOTOC, and ensure loading and segregation. Some dangerous goods are forbidden; lithium batteries, for example, have strict limits and must generally travel in the cabin as carry-on, not checked. Dangerous goods incidents must be reported.
Security
Part 140 and the Aviation Security Service (AvSec) govern screening, sterile areas, access control and response to unlawful interference. Passengers and cabin baggage are screened; a pilot must not allow access to a sterile area without authorisation, and must follow cockpit-door and search procedures. Security occurrences are reported.
Environment
Annex 16 sets noise (Volume I) and emissions (Volume II) standards. NZ requires noise certification for jet and large propeller aircraft and applies airport noise abatement procedures; emissions requirements follow the engine certification standards. Local noise rules may impose curfews and preferential runways.
Worked example
A passenger presents a spare lithium-ion battery pack rated 160 Wh. It is above the 100 Wh limit allowed without approval, so it cannot be carried without airline approval and must not go in checked baggage. The cabin crew must be informed, and if it is damaged or recalled it is forbidden outright.
Traps
Treating the NOTOC as optional; accepting cargo on the shipper's word; confusing screening rules with customs; assuming Annex 16 is enforced directly rather than through the rules and airport procedures.