Airspace classification, controlled airspace and aerodrome operations
This domain tests airspace classes, clearances, special VFR, aerodrome circuits, transponder/radio requirements and mandatory broadcast zones (MBZs).
Classes and clearances
Controlled airspace in New Zealand includes Class C and D (and Class E where designated); Class G is uncontrolled. A clearance is required to enter controlled airspace, and read-back is required for safety-related clearances. VMC does not authorise entry without a clearance. Special VFR (SVFR) is a clearance to operate in controlled airspace when the flight cannot comply with VFR minima; it requires ATC clearance, remaining clear of cloud, and specified flight visibility (commonly 1.6 km). SVFR does not provide IFR separation from other traffic.
Aerodrome operations
Standard circuits are left-hand unless published otherwise. Join downwind, make standard radio calls, and comply with aerodrome signage and light signals. Right-of-way rules apply.
Transponder, radio and MBZs
A transponder (Mode A/C) and serviceable radio are required in controlled airspace and other designated airspace. In an MBZ, pilots must make mandatory broadcasts on the specified frequency; an MBZ is not controlled airspace, so no ATC clearance is issued, but radio calls are compulsory.
Worked example
A pilot enters Class D with 6 km visibility but no clearance. Reasoning: visibility satisfies VMC but not the clearance requirement. Entry without clearance is a breach; the pilot should request clearance or remain outside.
Traps
Treating MBZ as controlled airspace; assuming SVFR gives separation; joining a circuit on the wrong side; forgetting transponder requirements.