Te Haka
This domain focuses on haka, the posture dance of Māori performing arts. You will be tested on types of haka, key elements, and appropriate performance.
Core rules and concepts
- Haka taparahi: Performed without weapons. It is a haka of celebration, welcome, or protest. The focus is on body movement, footwork, and facial expression.
- Haka peruperu: Performed with weapons (e.g., taiaha, patu). It is a war dance, often used to demonstrate readiness for battle. The weapons add complexity and danger.
- Haka wahine: Haka performed by women. It is characterised by graceful, flowing movements, often with poi, and less aggressive footwork than men’s haka.
- Key elements: Pukana (wide eyes), whetero (protruding tongue), ngangahu (fierce facial expression), takahi (stomping), and ringaringa (hand movements). Each element must be performed with precision and timing.
Worked example
Question: Describe the difference between haka taparahi and haka peruperu, and explain when each might be performed. Reasoning: Haka taparahi is performed without weapons, often for welcome or celebration. Haka peruperu is performed with weapons, often for war or to show strength. For example, a haka taparahi might welcome visitors to a marae, while a haka peruperu might be performed at a tangi or a sports event to intimidate opponents. The reasoning shows you understand both the definition and the context.
Traps that cost marks
- Thinking all haka are war dances. Many haka are for peace, welcome, or celebration.
- Confusing haka peruperu with haka taparahi. The presence of weapons is the key difference.
- Ignoring the role of women in haka. Haka wahine is a distinct and important form.
- Performing pukana without meaning. Facial expressions must be timed and intentional.