Te waiata a te whanau: he reo tawhito, he reo ā-iwi rānei?
Kei te tātari koe i tētahi waiata i titoa e tō kuia nui i Ōtākou i te tau 1953. Kua tukuna mai e tō whanau te tuhinga, ā, kua puta he tautohetohe. Ko te tuhinga: 'E hine, tahuri mai / ki te ao e hora nei; / ko te moana te whāriki, / ko te rangi te whare. / Ko au anō te manu e tangi nei / i te pō roa, i te pō uriuri. / Homai te aroha, homai te ora, / kei ngaro au i te pō.' E kī ana tō matua kēkē, he 'reo tawhito' te kupu 'uriuri', ā, me whakamārama i roto i te tuhipoka. E kī ana tō tuakana, he 'reo ā-iwi' kē, nō te Tonga, ā, kāore e hiahia kia whakamāramatia, kei roa te tuhipoka. E rua ngā rā ki te tuku i te mahi. Kua pātai te kaiako: he aha te waiata e whakaatu ana mō te hunga nāna i tito, ā, he aha ngā āhuatanga reo e mau ana i tērā.
1. Tuhia ētahi āhuatanga reo e rua o te waiata, ā, whakamāramatia te mahi a ia āhuatanga ki te whakaū i te wairua o te tuhinga.
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Āhuatanga 1: te hokinga o te rerenga 'i te pō roa, i te pō uriuri'. He hokinga, he whakariterite hoki. Ka hoki te rerenga tata, engari ka whakarahia te kupu whakamutunga: 'roa' (he roa noa), kātahi 'uriuri' (he pouri, he hōhonu, he mutunga kore). Ko te hua: kāore e noho tahi ngā wā e rua; ka heke te tangata ki te hōhonu o te pō. Ko te mahi o tēnei ki te wairua: he whakaatu i te pō kāore e mutu, i te pō o te pouri, kāore i te pō noa o te karaka.
Āhuatanga 2: te kupu 'anō' me te 'e ... nei'. Ko te 'anō' he whakahoki i te kaupapa ki a ia anō: 'ko au anō'. Ehara i te manu ke atu; ko te kaituhi te manu. Ko te 'e ... nei' e mau ana i te wā o nāianei - kāore i mutu, kei te tangi tonu. Ko te hua: ka piri te wā o te tito ki te wā o te hunga e pānui ana i tēnei rā. Kāore te waiata i te kōrero mō tētahi mea kua hipa; kei te kōrero tonu.
Te whakamutunga: ka noho ngātahi te reo whakarite me te reo whakawhāiti ('homai', 'homai', 'kei ngaro') - ko te wairua e puta ana ko te inoi, ehara i te whakamārama. Ko te tangi o te waiata, kāore ko tōna rārangi kupu, te mea nui.
2. Ko te kupu 'uriuri': he reo tawhito, he reo ā-iwi rānei? Me pēhea tāu whakatau ina tautohe tonu tō whanau?
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Te whakatau tuatahi: tērā pea he pono ngā mea e rua, ā, kāore te pātai i te hiahia kia kotahi te whakautu.
Te tukanga:
- Te wehewehe i ngā momo: 'reo tawhito' e pā ana ki te wā (he kupu i kōrerotia i mua, kua iti haere ināianei). 'Reo ā-iwi' e pā ana ki te wāhi (he kupu e ora ana i tētahi rohe). Kāore ēnei e taupatupatu: he kupu tawhito pea, ā, he kupu ā-iwi tonu i te Tonga.
- Ngā puna: me rapu i ngā papakupu o mua, i ngā kohinga waiata, i ngā tuhinga a ngā kaumātua o te rohe, i ngā rekoata o te wā. Me tirotiro hoki i te reo o te kaituhi: he aha tana whakamahi i ētahi atu kupu i roto i taua waiata anō?
- Te taunakitanga o roto: ko te mea nui kē, ko te mahi a te kupu i roto i te waiata. Ahakoa tawhito, ahakoa ā-iwi, kei te mau i te pouri. Ka taea te whakamārama i roto i te tuhipoka i tērā, kāore e roa.
Te otinga: ka tuhia he tuhipoka poto e kī ana: 'uriuri - he kupu e kitea ana i ngā waiata tawhito, e ora tonu ana hoki i te reo o Te Waipounamu; he tohu mō te pouri, mō te hōhonu.' Ka mutu te tautohe, ā, kua ora ngā taha e rua.
Te take: ko te mahi a te kaimātai ehara i te whakatau mō te whanau, engari ko te whakamārama i te āhua o te taunakitanga, mā te hunga pānui e whakatau.
3. Me pēhea koe e whakapākehā i te rārangi 'Ko au anō te manu e tangi nei'? He aha ngā mea e ngaro ina whakapākehātia?
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Ngā whiringa e rua:
- 'I am the bird that cries here' - ka mau te 'au', ka ngaro te 'anō' me te kaha o te wā.
- 'It is I who am the bird crying' - ka mau te 'anō' hei whakahua, engari ka noho ko te manu hei mea motuhake.
Ngā mea e ngaro:
- Te noho tahi o te tangata me te manu: i te reo Māori, kāore e whakatauhia mēnā he manu pono, he kupu whakarite rānei. Ko te reo whakarite a te Māori kāore e herea ki te 'like' o te reo Ingarihi; ka tū tahi ngā mea e rua. Ina whakapākehātia, ka puta te pātai 'he manu rānei?' kāore i te reo taketake.
- Te 'anō': ka mau pea hei 'also', hei 'indeed', hei 'myself'. Ko tētahi anake ka whiriwhiria, ā, ka ngaro te whānuitanga.
- Te 'e ... nei': ka ngaro te tohu o te wā me te wāhi - kei te tangi tonu, kei konei tonu. Ka noho he 'cries' noa pea, ka noho rānei he 'cried' mēnā ka hē te whakatau a te kaiwhakamāori.
- Te manu o roto i te waiata: he tohu tawhito tēnei mō te tangata e tangi ana, otirā mō te kaituhi e tangi ana i tana whanau. Ki te kore e mōhiotia e te kaiwhakamāori, ka tipu te 'bird' hei mea noa.
Te otinga: me whakanoho te tuhipoka reo i te taha o te whakapākehātanga, kaua ko te whai kia ōrite te roa o te rerenga. Ko te ngaronga o te mana o te reo te mea nui ake i te ngaronga o te kupu.