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OH Nail Technician practice questions

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Question 1Infection Control and Safety Standards

For how long should a nail technician lather the hands with soap and water before beginning a service?

  1. 10 seconds
  2. 5 seconds
  3. 20 seconds Correct answer.
  4. 2 minutes

Explanation

Hand washing with soap and water should last about 20 seconds, working the lather over the palms, backs, fingers, and wrists before rinsing and drying with a clean paper towel. This mechanical action removes transient microorganisms and is the single most effective routine step for breaking the chain of infection.

Question 2Infection Control and Safety Standards

Which of the following items is a single-use item that must be discarded after one client?

  1. Stainless steel nipper
  2. Metal cuticle pusher
  3. Emery board Correct answer.
  4. Glass dappen dish

Explanation

Emery boards and other abrasive or porous items cannot be cleaned and disinfected reliably because soil and microorganisms lodge in the material. They are therefore used once and discarded. Metal pushers, nippers, and glass dishes are non-porous and can be cleaned and disinfected for reuse.

Question 3Infection Control and Safety Standards

What is the first step in processing a reusable metal implement that has been used on a client?

  1. Soak it immediately in disinfectant solution
  2. Wash it with soap and water, then dry it well Correct answer.
  3. Place it in the autoclave straight from the table
  4. Wipe it with a disinfectant wipe and store it

Explanation

Cleaning with soap and water is always performed before disinfection or sterilization, because soil and debris protect microorganisms and can inactivate chemical disinfectants. Only after the implement is washed and thoroughly dried should it go into the disinfectant or sterilizer.

Question 4Infection Control and Safety Standards

Which federal agency registers the disinfectants that salons use on implements?

  1. OSHA
  2. FDA
  3. EPA Correct answer.
  4. CDC

Explanation

The Environmental Protection Agency registers disinfectants and santizers sold for use on hard surfaces and implements, and the product label carries an EPA registration number. Technicians should use only products labeled for the intended purpose and follow the label directions exactly.

Question 5Infection Control and Safety Standards

Which of the following belongs in a sharps container rather than the regular trash?

  1. Used nail files and buffers
  2. Used razor blades and broken glass Correct answer.
  3. Empty polish bottles and caps
  4. Soiled cotton balls and tissues

Explanation

Sharps containers are puncture-resistant, closable, and labeled for items that can cut skin, such as razor blades, broken glass, and used blades from implements. Placing these in ordinary trash exposes technicians and housekeeping staff to cuts and bloodborne pathogen exposure.

Question 6Infection Control and Safety Standards

How should implements be kept after they have been cleaned and disinfected?

  1. On an open tray at the station
  2. In a clean, closed container Correct answer.
  3. In a drawer with used files
  4. In the disinfectant jar overnight

Explanation

Once disinfected and dried, implements are stored in a clean, closed container or drawer to prevent recontamination from dust, spills, and splashing. Storing them in a closed container also keeps clean tools visually separated from soiled ones.

Question 7Infection Control and Safety Standards

Which of these is a porous item?

  1. Metal cuticle pusher
  2. Ceramic soaking bowl
  3. Foam nail buffer Correct answer.
  4. Glass mixing dish

Explanation

Porous materials have microscopic openings that absorb liquids and trap debris, so they cannot be reliably cleaned and disinfected. Foam buffers, emery boards, and wooden sticks are porous and must be discarded after a single use, whereas metal, glass, and glazed ceramic are non-porous.

Question 8Infection Control and Safety Standards

What is the purpose of a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for a salon product?

  1. Certifies that a product is safe for skin
  2. Explains how to advertise the product
  3. Records the date each product was opened
  4. Describes a product's hazards and safe handling Correct answer.

Explanation

A Safety Data Sheet, formerly called an MSDS, summarizes a product's hazards, first-aid measures, handling and storage requirements, and spill response. Salons must keep these sheets readily accessible for every hazardous chemical on the premises.

Question 9Infection Control and Safety Standards

A disinfectant label specifies a 10-minute contact time. What does this require?

  1. The solution is replaced every 10 minutes
  2. Implements must stay fully immersed for 10 minutes Correct answer.
  3. Implements are dipped for 10 seconds and removed
  4. The client waits 10 minutes before the service

Explanation

Contact time, also called immersion time, is the period the item must remain in continuous contact with the disinfectant at the labeled dilution. Removing the implement early means the required kill level has not been achieved, so the item must be reprocessed.

Question 10Infection Control and Safety Standards

Which statement about an ultraviolet (UV) light cabinet is accurate?

  1. It may replace hand washing in busy salons
  2. It sterilizes implements if left on overnight
  3. It removes debris from porous files
  4. It is not a substitute for chemical disinfection Correct answer.

Explanation

UV cabinets do not penetrate soil or reach hidden surfaces, so they cannot clean or disinfect implements to the standard required by regulation. Tools must first be washed and then treated with an EPA-registered disinfectant or sterilized by an approved method.

Question 11Infection Control and Safety Standards

Blood splashes onto a technician's intact forearm during a service. What should the technician do first?

  1. Wipe the area with a dry paper towel
  2. Wash the area with soap and running water Correct answer.
  3. Finish the service, then wash at the end
  4. Apply a bandage over the area

Explanation

Exposure of skin to blood is managed by immediately washing the area with soap and running water, then reporting the incident according to the salon's exposure control plan. Waiting until the service ends unnecessarily prolongs contact with potentially infectious material.

Question 12Infection Control and Safety Standards

After each client, a whirlpool foot spa must be:

  1. Wiped out with a towel and refilled for the next client
  2. Flushed with a sanitizer once at the end of the week
  3. Drained, cleaned, and disinfected per the label Correct answer.
  4. Rinsed with clear water only between appointments

Explanation

Whirlpool basins harbor biofilm in the pipes and jets, so after every client the unit is drained, the basin is scrubbed and disinfected, and the system is flushed with an EPA-registered disinfectant following the manufacturer's directions. A weekly cleaning is not enough because the basin is used repeatedly.

Question 13Infection Control and Safety Standards

A technician adds extra water to a disinfectant beyond the label's dilution ratio. What is the likely result?

  1. The solution stays EPA-registered at that strength
  2. The solution becomes stronger and faster acting
  3. The solution may no longer kill pathogens effectively Correct answer.
  4. The contact time automatically shortens

Explanation

Disinfectants are formulated and tested at a specific dilution, and adding extra water lowers the active ingredient concentration below the effective level. Over-diluted solution also voids the manufacturer's efficacy claims, so the implements are not actually disinfected.

Question 14Infection Control and Safety Standards

A technician develops itching and redness after wearing latex gloves. What is the most appropriate response?

  1. Wash hands less often between clients
  2. Switch to nitrile or another non-latex glove Correct answer.
  3. Continue wearing latex gloves with powder inside
  4. Wear two pairs of latex gloves at once

Explanation

Signs of a latex sensitivity mean the technician should stop using latex and select a non-latex alternative such as nitrile that still provides a barrier. Continuing exposure can worsen the reaction and, in rare cases, trigger a serious allergic response.

Question 15Infection Control and Safety Standards

A technician has a small cut on one finger. What should be done before performing services?

  1. Work with that hand only and skip the glove
  2. Cover it with a bandage and wear a glove Correct answer.
  3. Coat it with nail glue and proceed
  4. Ask the client to sign a consent form

Explanation

Any break in the skin is covered with a waterproof bandage and then protected with a glove so that bloodborne pathogens cannot pass in either direction. Uncovered lesions are a route of transmission for both the technician and the client.

Question 16Infection Control and Safety Standards

How often should towels and linens used during a service be laundered?

  1. Once a day at closing
  2. Twice a week
  3. When they look visibly soiled
  4. After each client Correct answer.

Explanation

Towels, linens, and capes contact skin and can carry microorganisms, so they are used once and laundered before being used on another client. Clean linens are stored separately from soiled ones to prevent cross-contamination.

Question 17Infection Control and Safety Standards

Why is hepatitis B vaccination recommended for nail technicians?

  1. It is required for every salon license renewal
  2. It protects clients from bacterial infections
  3. It prevents fungal infections of the nails
  4. The virus spreads through contact with blood during services Correct answer.

Explanation

Hepatitis B is a bloodborne pathogen, and technicians may be exposed through nicks, cuts, and blood-contaminated implements. Vaccination is recommended for workers at risk of blood exposure because the virus is far more infectious than HIV and survives on surfaces.

Question 18Infection Control and Safety Standards

A client's toenail is thick, yellow, and crumbling, with red, swollen skin around it. What should the technician do?

  1. Soak the foot and proceed with the pedicure
  2. Refer the client to a physician before service Correct answer.
  3. Trim the nail deeply to remove the affected part
  4. Apply colored polish to hide the discoloration

Explanation

Signs of a possible infection or contagious nail disorder are outside a nail technician's scope of practice. The client should be referred to a physician, and the service should wait until the condition is diagnosed and treated.

Question 19Infection Control and Safety Standards

A technician removes contaminated gloves after finishing a service. What should be done next?

  1. Apply hand lotion and greet the next client
  2. Wipe hands on a clean salon towel
  3. Use an alcohol rub only if hands look dirty
  4. Wash hands with soap and water Correct answer.

Explanation

Gloves can develop tiny tears and contaminate the hands during removal, so hands are washed with soap and water immediately afterward. Hand hygiene is performed before and after every client and after removing gloves, even when the gloves appeared intact.

Question 20Infection Control and Safety Standards

A metal pusher falls on the floor during a service. What is the correct action?

  1. Rinse it in the water bowl and reuse it
  2. Remove it, then clean and disinfect it Correct answer.
  3. Wipe it on the apron and continue
  4. Blow the dust off and keep using it

Explanation

An implement that contacts the floor is considered contaminated and is removed from the service immediately. It must go through washing followed by disinfection before it can be used again on any client.

Question 21Infection Control and Safety Standards

A new client reports no illnesses and appears healthy. Which level of precaution applies during the service?

  1. Extra precautions only for clients who look ill
  2. Enhanced precautions only for high-risk clients
  3. Standard precautions for every client, every time Correct answer.
  4. Basic precautions only when blood is visible

Explanation

Standard precautions treat all blood, body fluids, and non-intact skin as potentially infectious regardless of what the client discloses or how the client appears. Because infection status is often unknown, the same barriers and disinfection steps apply to every client.

Question 22Infection Control and Safety Standards

Why should a cleaned implement be dried before it is placed into a quaternary ammonium disinfectant?

  1. Dry tools absorb more of the chemical
  2. Water left on the tool dilutes the solution Correct answer.
  3. Wet metal warps in the solution
  4. The solution works only on dry surfaces

Explanation

Residual water carried on implements dilutes the disinfectant in the jar and can push the active ingredient below its effective concentration. Drying the tool first preserves the labeled dilution and keeps the contact time meaningful.

Question 23Infection Control and Safety Standards

Which statement about sterilization is accurate?

  1. It is required for every metal implement after use
  2. It is achieved with any EPA-registered disinfectant
  3. It can be done with a UV lamp left on for ten minutes
  4. It destroys all microorganisms, including spores Correct answer.

Explanation

Sterilization is the complete destruction of all microbial life, including bacterial spores, and is accomplished with an autoclave or other approved sterilizing method. Disinfection, by contrast, destroys most but not necessarily all microorganisms and does not reliably kill spores.

Question 24Infection Control and Safety Standards

Why should a technician never mix a chlorine bleach solution with other cleaning chemicals?

  1. It can release dangerous gases Correct answer.
  2. It leaves a film on metal implements
  3. It makes the bleach evaporate faster
  4. It shortens the disinfectant's shelf life

Explanation

Mixing bleach with products containing ammonia or acids can release toxic gases that cause serious respiratory injury. Chemicals should be used only as labeled and never combined unless the manufacturer specifically directs it.

Question 25Infection Control and Safety Standards

Why must porous items such as foam buffers be discarded instead of disinfected?

  1. Porous items cannot legally be sold in salons
  2. The chemicals make the foam dissolve
  3. Germs can penetrate the surface and survive cleaning Correct answer.
  4. They break apart in the disinfectant jar

Explanation

Microorganisms and debris become trapped inside the open structure of a porous item, where cleaning and disinfectant contact cannot reach them. Because the item cannot be reliably cleaned, single use and disposal are the only safe options.

Question 26Infection Control and Safety Standards

A nail technician is washing their hands before beginning a service. What is the minimum recommended duration for scrubbing with soap and water?

  1. 5 seconds
  2. 5 minutes
  3. 60 seconds
  4. 20 seconds Correct answer.

Explanation

Routine handwashing should last about 20 seconds, covering all surfaces of the hands, wrists, and under the nails. Shorter scrubs do not give soap enough contact time to remove transient microorganisms. Longer times are reserved for surgical-style scrubs, which are not required for routine nail services.

Question 27Infection Control and Safety Standards

Which term describes a process that destroys most, but not all, microorganisms on nonporous surfaces?

  1. Sterilization
  2. Disinfection Correct answer.
  3. Decontamination
  4. Sanitation

Explanation

Disinfection uses an EPA-registered product to destroy most pathogenic organisms on nonporous surfaces, but it does not necessarily kill bacterial spores. Sterilization is a higher level that destroys all microbial life, including spores. Sanitation is a lower-level cleaning process that reduces, rather than destroys, microorganisms.

Question 28Infection Control and Safety Standards

In which situation must a nail technician wear gloves?

  1. Only during gel polish application
  2. Only while filing artificial nails
  3. When blood or body fluids may be present Correct answer.
  4. Only when the client specifically requests them

Explanation

Gloves are required whenever the service could expose the technician to blood or other potentially infectious body fluids. Many salons also wear gloves for all services as a best practice, but the mandatory trigger is contact risk with body fluids. Gloves do not replace handwashing before and after each client.

Question 29Infection Control and Safety Standards

What is a pathogen?

  1. A nonporous surface that cannot harbor germs
  2. A type of disinfectant registered by the EPA
  3. A microorganism capable of causing disease Correct answer.
  4. A tool used to clean under the nail

Explanation

A pathogen is any microorganism, such as a bacterium, virus, or fungus, that can cause disease in humans. Nail technicians must prevent pathogens from spreading between clients and themselves. Nonpathogenic organisms do not ordinarily cause illness.

Question 30Infection Control and Safety Standards

A client arrives with an open, weeping cut on the cuticle of one finger and wants a manicure. What is the technician's best action?

  1. Proceed normally after wiping the area with alcohol
  2. Coat the cut with acrylic to seal it
  3. Avoid that hand and refer the client to a physician Correct answer.
  4. Soak the hand in a stronger disinfectant first

Explanation

Open, weeping lesions are a sign of possible infection and cannot be safely covered or disinfected by the technician. The service should be refused for the affected area and the client referred for medical evaluation. Treating or sealing the wound is outside the scope of nail technology.

Question 31Infection Control and Safety Standards

A technician wants to confirm that a quaternary ammonium disinfectant is at the correct concentration. What should be used?

  1. Test strips made for that disinfectant Correct answer.
  2. A pH meter calibrated to the room
  3. A UV light cabinet timer reading
  4. A hydrometer used to check spa water quality

Explanation

Manufacturers supply test strips that indicate whether a working solution is within the effective concentration range. Testing should be done when the solution is prepared and at intervals specified by the label. Visual appearance alone cannot confirm disinfectant strength.

Question 32Infection Control and Safety Standards

Blood drips onto the manicure table during a service. After putting on gloves, what is the correct order of steps?

  1. Rub with a reusable rag and wipe with rubbing alcohol
  2. Blot with a disposable towel, wash, then disinfect Correct answer.
  3. Wipe the area with a dry towel and spray air freshener
  4. Rinse with water and let the table air-dry completely

Explanation

Blood spills are managed by absorbing the fluid with a disposable towel, cleaning the surface with soap and water, and then applying an EPA-registered disinfectant with a bloodborne pathogen claim. The towel and gloves must be discarded in a sealed bag. Air freshener or alcohol alone does not meet the disinfection requirement.

Question 33Infection Control and Safety Standards

How should reusable metal nail drill bits be handled after use?

  1. Rinse in water and store in a drawer
  2. Brush clean with soap, then disinfect per the label Correct answer.
  3. Spray with a light disinfectant and use on the next client
  4. Wipe with a dry tissue and reuse on the next client

Explanation

Reusable drill bits must first be cleaned of debris with a brush and soap or detergent, then fully immersed in an EPA-registered disinfectant for the labeled contact time. Cleaning before disinfection is essential because soil protects microorganisms. The bits should be dried and stored covered after disinfection.

Question 34Infection Control and Safety Standards

Which hand hygiene practice is required between clients?

  1. Wash hands before and after each client, and after gloves Correct answer.
  2. Use hand sanitizer only when the hands look visibly dirty
  3. Rinse the hands in the client's soaking bowl between clients
  4. Wash hands only at the start of the day

Explanation

Hands must be washed with soap and water before and after every client, and again after removing gloves. Gloves can have unnoticed tears and do not eliminate the need for handwashing. Soaking bowls and sanitizer-only routines are not acceptable substitutes.

Question 35Infection Control and Safety Standards

A client has red, scaly, itchy skin between the toes and peeling soles. What should the technician do?

  1. Treat the area with an antifungal product, then proceed
  2. Continue the service but skip the foot soak
  3. Postpone the service and refer to a physician Correct answer.
  4. Apply petroleum jelly and cover with a bandage

Explanation

Red, scaly, itchy skin between the toes suggests a fungal infection such as athlete's foot, which is contagious and can spread through tools, linens, and surfaces. The technician should not diagnose or treat the condition. The service should be postponed and the client referred to a physician.

Question 36Infection Control and Safety Standards

A glass nail file breaks during a service. How should the pieces be disposed of?

  1. In the regular trash wrapped in tissues
  2. In a sharps container Correct answer.
  3. In a plastic bag in the reception area
  4. In the salon's recycling bin

Explanation

Broken glass is a sharp that can injure anyone handling the waste, so it belongs in a rigid, puncture-resistant sharps container. Tissues, thin plastic bags, and recycling bins do not protect against cuts. The container should be closed and handled according to local rules.

Question 37Infection Control and Safety Standards

When must a technician replace a disinfectant solution in a soaking jar?

  1. Only when the solution changes color
  2. Only after the jar has been used for one hundred clients
  3. Once a week regardless of how often it is used
  4. When visibly dirty or at the end of its reuse life Correct answer.

Explanation

A disinfectant must be replaced when it becomes visibly soiled or when the manufacturer's stated reuse period ends, whichever comes first. Some products are single-use, while others may be reused for a limited time. Color change is not a reliable indicator of remaining strength.

Question 38Infection Control and Safety Standards

What is the purpose of a biological spore test in an autoclave?

  1. To confirm that the unit's timer is calibrated
  2. To measure the water level inside the sterilization chamber
  3. To check how quickly the door seals shut
  4. To confirm that the cycle killed highly resistant spores Correct answer.

Explanation

A biological monitor contains highly resistant bacterial spores that should be killed if the sterilizer is working properly. It is the most reliable check of the entire sterilization process. Chemical indicators and mechanical gauges are useful but do not prove that sterilization occurred.

Question 39Infection Control and Safety Standards

Which federal standard requires nail salons to have a written exposure control plan and offer hepatitis B vaccination to at-risk employees?

  1. The EPA's pesticide registration rules
  2. The Clean Air Act's indoor air quality rules
  3. The OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard Correct answer.
  4. The FDA's cosmetics labeling regulation

Explanation

The OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard applies wherever employees may be exposed to blood or other potentially infectious materials, including nail salons. It requires an exposure control plan, training, personal protective equipment, and offered hepatitis B vaccination. The other laws address air quality, cosmetic labeling, and disinfectant registration, not workplace bloodborne pathogen exposure.

Question 40Infection Control and Safety Standards

Which label claim should a technician look for when choosing a disinfectant for tools contaminated with blood?

  1. An EPA-registered tuberculocidal claim Correct answer.
  2. A brand name that ends in the word 'Pro'
  3. The word 'fresh scent' on the front label
  4. The words 'not for use in hospitals' on the label

Explanation

A disinfectant used for blood-contaminated items must have an EPA registration and a claim for tuberculocidal activity or bloodborne pathogens, such as HIV and hepatitis B. These claims indicate the product can kill the organisms of concern at the labeled dilution and contact time. Fragrance and branding do not establish efficacy.

Question 41Sanitation, Disinfection, and Implement Care

What is the first step in preparing a reusable metal nail implement for disinfection after a service?

  1. Soak it in disinfectant overnight
  2. Wash it with soap and water and dry it Correct answer.
  3. Place it in a covered storage drawer
  4. Wipe it with a paper towel

Explanation

Reusable implements must be cleaned of visible debris before disinfection because organic matter such as skin, oil, and product residue can reduce or block the disinfectant's action. After cleaning and drying, the implement is fully immersed in an EPA-registered hospital-grade disinfectant for the labeled contact time.

Question 42Sanitation, Disinfection, and Implement Care

Which type of disinfectant is appropriate for nonporous nail implements in an Ohio salon?

  1. An alcohol-based hand sanitizer
  2. A household antibacterial soap
  3. A fragrance-free surface spray
  4. An EPA-registered hospital-grade disinfectant with a tuberculocidal claim Correct answer.

Explanation

Ohio salon rules require reusable implements to be disinfected with an EPA-registered hospital-grade disinfectant that carries a tuberculocidal claim, used according to the label. Soap and hand sanitizer are not implement disinfectants.

Question 43Sanitation, Disinfection, and Implement Care

How long should nonporous implements generally remain submerged in a hospital-grade disinfectant?

  1. 5 seconds
  2. 24 hours
  3. 10 minutes or the time stated on the label Correct answer.
  4. 2 minutes

Explanation

The standard contact time is 10 minutes, but the product label is the controlling authority; some products require a different immersion time. Implements must be fully submerged for the entire contact time.

Question 44Sanitation, Disinfection, and Implement Care

Which item is considered single-use and should be discarded after one client?

  1. Emery board or foam buffer Correct answer.
  2. Stainless steel cuticle nipper
  3. Metal pusher
  4. Reusable pedicure tub

Explanation

Porous items such as emery boards, foam buffers, and orange wood sticks cannot be reliably cleaned and disinfected, so they must be discarded after use. Metal implements can be cleaned and disinfected or sterilized.

Question 45Sanitation, Disinfection, and Implement Care

When should a nail technician wash their hands?

  1. Only after handling visible blood
  2. Only when gloves are not worn
  3. Before and after every client service Correct answer.
  4. Only at the beginning of the day

Explanation

Hand hygiene is required before and after each client contact and after removing gloves or touching contaminated items. Handwashing is a primary way to prevent transferring microorganisms between clients and the technician.

Question 46Sanitation, Disinfection, and Implement Care

A client arrives with a small cut on the finger that will be worked on. What should the technician do?

  1. Wear gloves, avoid the area, and follow standard precautions Correct answer.
  2. Proceed without any change if the cut is dry
  3. Ask the client to hold a towel over the cut
  4. Apply salon disinfectant directly to the cut

Explanation

Standard precautions require gloves and barrier protection when blood or body fluids may be present. Disinfectants are not for use on skin, and a cut should be covered before service continues.

Question 47Sanitation, Disinfection, and Implement Care

After implements have been disinfected and dried, how should they be stored?

  1. In a clean, covered container Correct answer.
  2. In a cloth bag on the workstation
  3. In a drawer with used files
  4. In an open tray beside the sink

Explanation

Clean, disinfected implements must be kept in a clean, covered container until use to prevent dust and contamination. Storing them with used items or in open areas compromises their cleanliness.

Question 48Sanitation, Disinfection, and Implement Care

Why should a technician avoid using a disinfectant on a client's skin?

  1. It can irritate or damage skin tissue Correct answer.
  2. It can leave a white residue on nails
  3. It is always the same as hand sanitizer
  4. It makes the skin too slippery to hold implements

Explanation

Disinfectants are formulated for surfaces and implements, not skin, and can cause irritation, burns, or allergic reactions. Skin products must be labeled for use on skin.

Question 49Sanitation, Disinfection, and Implement Care

When should a technician change the disinfectant solution in an implement jar?

  1. Once a month
  2. When it is visibly dirty or according to the manufacturer's schedule Correct answer.
  3. Only when the jar is empty
  4. When the solution turns clear

Explanation

Disinfectant becomes contaminated or diluted with use, so it must be replaced when dirty, cloudy, or per the manufacturer's directions, often daily. Reusing solution beyond its labeled life reduces its effectiveness.

Question 50Sanitation, Disinfection, and Implement Care

After a blood spill on the workstation, what is the correct sequence?

  1. Let the blood dry, then brush it away
  2. Wipe the blood with a towel, then spray with air freshener
  3. Put on gloves, clean the area with soap and water, then disinfect with a hospital-grade product Correct answer.
  4. Apply disinfectant first, then wipe with a reusable cloth

Explanation

Blood and body fluids must be removed by cleaning first, then the area is disinfected with an EPA-registered hospital-grade product following the label. Gloves protect the technician, and contaminated porous materials are discarded.