I85PREP
⌘ K
OST Grade 3 Math study materials
OST Grade 3 Math study resources

OST Grade 3 Math practice questions

One question at a time. Build your OST Grade 3 Math understanding.

First 50 of 200 questions. Each one lists the choices, the correct answer, and an explanation. The checker at the top of this page saves progress in this browser when it is available.

Continue in the practice tool above to load more questions, 50 at a time.

Question 1Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A box holds 8 packs of markers. Each pack has 6 markers. How many markers are in the box in all?

  1. 36
  2. 48 Correct answer.
  3. 54
  4. 42

Explanation

Multiplying the number of groups by the size of each group gives the total: 8 × 6 = 48. Multiplication can also be read as 8 equal groups of 6. So the box holds 48 markers.

Question 2Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Which multiplication fact matches the array described as 4 rows with 7 counters in each row?

  1. 4 × 4 = 16
  2. 4 + 7 = 11
  3. 4 × 7 = 28 Correct answer.
  4. 7 × 7 = 49

Explanation

An array with 4 rows of 7 counters shows 4 equal groups of 7, which is written 4 × 7. The product is 28. Addition of rows and columns does not describe an array's total.

Question 3Operations and Algebraic Thinking

What is 56 ÷ 8?

  1. 8
  2. 7 Correct answer.
  3. 6
  4. 9

Explanation

Division asks how many groups of 8 fit into 56. Since 8 × 7 = 56, the quotient is 7. Multiplication facts can be used to check any division answer.

Question 4Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A number fact family uses 3, 5, and 15. Which equation belongs to this fact family?

  1. 15 ÷ 3 = 5 Correct answer.
  2. 15 − 5 = 10
  3. 15 + 3 = 18
  4. 3 + 5 = 8

Explanation

A multiplication-division fact family uses the same three numbers in four related equations. Since 3 × 5 = 15, the related division facts are 15 ÷ 3 = 5 and 15 ÷ 5 = 3.

Question 5Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Which expression has the same value as 6 × 4?

  1. 4 + 4 + 6
  2. 6 + 4
  3. 4 × 6 Correct answer.
  4. 6 − 4

Explanation

The commutative property says changing the order of factors does not change the product, so 4 × 6 = 6 × 4 = 24. Each product equals 24.

Question 6Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A teacher puts 24 pencils into 4 equal groups. How many pencils are in each group?

  1. 4
  2. 6 Correct answer.
  3. 8
  4. 5

Explanation

Sharing 24 items equally among 4 groups means dividing: 24 ÷ 4 = 6. Checking with multiplication, 4 × 6 = 24, confirms the answer.

Question 7Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A baker bakes 4 trays with 9 muffins on each tray. Then 5 muffins are eaten. How many muffins are left?

  1. 27
  2. 36
  3. 41
  4. 31 Correct answer.

Explanation

First find the total baked: 4 × 9 = 36 muffins. Then subtract the 5 eaten: 36 − 5 = 31. Solving the multiplication before the subtraction follows order-of-operations reasoning for two-step problems.

Question 8Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Which expression equals 5 × (2 + 3)?

  1. 5 × 2 + 3
  2. 5 × 2 × 3
  3. 5 + 2 + 3
  4. 5 × 2 + 5 × 3 Correct answer.

Explanation

The distributive property multiplies the factor outside the parentheses by each addend inside. So 5 × (2 + 3) = 5 × 2 + 5 × 3, and both sides equal 25.

Question 9Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A pattern starts at 3 and adds 4 each time: 3, 7, 11, 15, ... What is the eighth number in the pattern?

  1. 32
  2. 31 Correct answer.
  3. 27
  4. 35

Explanation

The pattern adds 4 repeatedly, so the nth term is 3 + 4 × (n − 1). For the eighth term: 3 + 4 × 7 = 3 + 28 = 31.

Question 10Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Which number makes this equation true? 6 × ___ = 42

  1. 6
  2. 7 Correct answer.
  3. 8
  4. 9

Explanation

Division undoes multiplication, so the unknown factor is 42 ÷ 6 = 7. Checking: 6 × 7 = 42 confirms the missing number.

Question 11Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A store has 3 shelves with 8 games on each shelf. It also has 6 games in a display case. Which expression shows the total number of games?

  1. 3 + 8 + 6
  2. 3 × (8 + 6)
  3. 3 × 8 + 6 Correct answer.
  4. 3 × 8 × 6

Explanation

There are 3 equal groups of 8, which is 3 × 8, plus 6 more games. The correct expression is 3 × 8 + 6, which equals 30.

Question 12Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Ms. Lee divides 45 stickers equally among 5 students. Then each student gives 2 stickers to the teacher. How many stickers does each student have left?

  1. 9
  2. 5
  3. 11
  4. 7 Correct answer.

Explanation

Sharing 45 stickers among 5 students gives 45 ÷ 5 = 9 stickers each. After giving away 2, each student has 9 − 2 = 7 stickers.

Question 13Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Which equation shows the distributive property used to find 6 × 8?

  1. 6 × 8 = 6 + 6 + 6 + 6
  2. 6 × 8 = 8 × 6
  3. 6 × 8 = 6 × 4 + 6 × 4 Correct answer.
  4. 6 × 8 = 48 × 1

Explanation

The distributive property splits a factor into addends: 8 = 4 + 4, so 6 × 8 = 6 × 4 + 6 × 4 = 24 + 24 = 48. This shows the same product broken into two smaller products.

Question 14Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A number pattern follows the rule 'multiply by 2, then add 1.' Starting with 2, what are the next two numbers?

  1. 4 and 8
  2. 6 and 13
  3. 4 and 9
  4. 5 and 11 Correct answer.

Explanation

Apply the rule step by step: 2 × 2 + 1 = 5, then 5 × 2 + 1 = 11. So the next two terms are 5 and 11.

Question 15Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Which division fact has a quotient of 8?

  1. 72 ÷ 9
  2. 64 ÷ 8 Correct answer.
  3. 56 ÷ 7
  4. 40 ÷ 5

Explanation

Dividing 64 by 8 gives 8 because 8 × 8 = 64. Checking each option by multiplying the quotient by the divisor identifies the correct fact.

Question 16Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A farmer has 4 coops. Each coop has 3 nests. Each nest has 2 eggs. How many eggs are there in all?

  1. 24 Correct answer.
  2. 9
  3. 12
  4. 18

Explanation

This is a three-factor problem: 4 × 3 × 2. First 4 × 3 = 12 nests, then 12 × 2 = 24 eggs. Grouping factors differently gives the same product.

Question 17Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Sam says 7 × 6 = 42, so 42 ÷ 6 = 7. Which property explains why both equations are true?

  1. The zero property
  2. The identity property
  3. The commutative property of addition
  4. The relationship between multiplication and division Correct answer.

Explanation

Multiplication and division are inverse operations, so a product fact gives two related division facts. From 7 × 6 = 42, it follows that 42 ÷ 6 = 7 and 42 ÷ 7 = 6.

Question 18Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A class earns 5 points on Monday, then doubles its points each day for the next 3 days. How many points does the class have on Thursday?

  1. 20
  2. 15
  3. 40 Correct answer.
  4. 10

Explanation

Start at 5 points. Tuesday: 5 × 2 = 10. Wednesday: 10 × 2 = 20. Thursday: 20 × 2 = 40. The rule doubles the previous day's total.

Question 19Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Which expression has a value of 36?

  1. 6 × (3 + 3) Correct answer.
  2. (6 + 3) × 3
  3. 6 + 3 × 3
  4. 6 × 3 + 3

Explanation

Evaluate inside the parentheses first: 3 + 3 = 6, then 6 × 6 = 36. Parentheses tell which operation to do first.

Question 20Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A number machine follows the rule 'multiply by 3, then subtract 4.' If the output is 20, what was the input?

  1. 5
  2. 6
  3. 12
  4. 8 Correct answer.

Explanation

Work backward by undoing each step: add 4 to 20 to get 24, then divide by 3 to get 8. Checking forward, 8 × 3 − 4 = 20, which matches the output.

Question 21Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A teacher has 36 crayons to share equally among some students. Each student receives 4 crayons. How many students are there, and which equation shows the reasoning?

  1. 36 × 4 = 144 students
  2. 36 ÷ 4 = 9 students Correct answer.
  3. 36 − 4 = 32 students
  4. 36 ÷ 9 = 4 students

Explanation

When the total and the size of each share are known, division finds the number of shares: 36 ÷ 4 = 9. Checking, 9 × 4 = 36 confirms the answer.

Question 22Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Two expressions are shown. A: 4 × (10 − 3). B: 4 × 10 − 4 × 3. Which statement is true?

  1. A and B are equal because of the distributive property. Correct answer.
  2. A and B are equal because of the zero property.
  3. B is greater than A.
  4. A is greater than B.

Explanation

The distributive property applies to subtraction as well as addition: 4 × (10 − 3) = 4 × 10 − 4 × 3. Both expressions equal 28, so they are equal.

Question 23Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A class counts chairs by rows. There are 7 rows with 6 chairs in each row. Which multiplication equation gives the total number of chairs?

  1. 7 × 6 = 13
  2. 7 + 6 = 13
  3. 6 × 6 = 36
  4. 7 × 6 = 42 Correct answer.

Explanation

Equal groups of 6 chairs in each of 7 rows are found by multiplying the number of rows by the number in each row. So 7 × 6 = 42 chairs. Multiplication is the operation for repeated equal groups.

Question 24Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A number fact family uses 4, 7, and 28. Which equation belongs to this fact family?

  1. 28 − 7 = 21
  2. 28 ÷ 4 = 7 Correct answer.
  3. 7 × 7 = 49
  4. 4 + 7 = 11

Explanation

A fact family links two factors and their product with two multiplication and two division facts. Since 4 × 7 = 28, the related division facts are 28 ÷ 4 = 7 and 28 ÷ 7 = 4.

Question 25Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Which expression has the same value as 8 × 5?

  1. 5 × 8 Correct answer.
  2. 8 + 5
  3. 8 × 8
  4. 5 × 5

Explanation

The commutative property says changing the order of factors does not change the product, so 5 × 8 equals 8 × 5. Both expressions equal 40.

Question 26Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Which equation is true?

  1. 9 × 1 = 9 Correct answer.
  2. 7 × 0 = 7
  3. 6 × 0 = 6
  4. 4 × 1 = 5

Explanation

The identity property of multiplication says any number times 1 keeps its value, so 9 × 1 = 9. The zero property says any number times 0 equals 0.

Question 27Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Which unknown number makes this equation true? 7 × ___ = 56

  1. 8 Correct answer.
  2. 7
  3. 9
  4. 6

Explanation

The missing factor is the quotient 56 ÷ 7, because a multiplication fact and its related division fact use the same three numbers. Since 7 × 8 = 56, the unknown is 8.

Question 28Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A teacher has 32 markers and gives 4 markers to each student. Which equation shows how many students get markers?

  1. 32 ÷ 4 = 7
  2. 32 − 4 = 28
  3. 32 ÷ 4 = 8 Correct answer.
  4. 32 × 4 = 128

Explanation

When a total is split into equal groups of known size, division finds the number of groups. Here 32 markers shared 4 at a time make 32 ÷ 4 = 8 students.

Question 29Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Which expression equals 4 × (6 + 3)?

  1. 4 × 6 + 4 × 3 Correct answer.
  2. 4 × 6 + 3
  3. 4 + 6 + 3
  4. 4 × 6 × 3

Explanation

The distributive property lets you multiply each addend by the factor outside the parentheses. So 4 × (6 + 3) = 4 × 6 + 4 × 3, and both sides equal 36.

Question 30Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A pattern follows the rule 'add 6' and starts with 5. What is the seventh number in the pattern?

  1. 53
  2. 47
  3. 35
  4. 41 Correct answer.

Explanation

The pattern is 5, 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 41. Counting the starting number as the first term, the seventh term is 41. You can also compute 5 + 6 × 6 = 41.

Question 31Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A machine follows the rule 'multiply by 4, then subtract 3.' What is the output when the input is 7?

  1. 11
  2. 28
  3. 25 Correct answer.
  4. 32

Explanation

Apply the rule in order: first multiply 7 × 4 = 28, then subtract 3 to get 25. Order matters because the subtraction happens after the multiplication.

Question 32Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A shelf holds 6 boxes, and each box holds 5 toy cars. There are 4 shelves. Which expression shows the total number of toy cars?

  1. 4 + 6 + 5
  2. 4 × 6 + 5
  3. 4 × 6 × 5 Correct answer.
  4. 4 × (6 + 5)

Explanation

Each shelf holds 6 × 5 cars, and there are 4 shelves, so the total is 4 × 6 × 5. Multiplying the three group sizes together gives 120 cars.

Question 33Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A class earns a total of 20 points on Monday and Tuesday. On Monday it earns 3 times as many points as it did on Tuesday. How many points does the class earn on Tuesday?

  1. 5 Correct answer.
  2. 17
  3. 23
  4. 60

Explanation

The total of 20 points is shared in a 3-to-1 ratio between Monday and Tuesday. Since 4 equal parts make 20, each part is 5, so Tuesday is 5 points and Monday is 15.

Question 34Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Two expressions are shown. A: 5 × (12 − 4). B: 5 × 12 − 5 × 4. Which statement is true?

  1. A and B are equal. Correct answer.
  2. B is greater than A.
  3. A equals 40 and B equals 20.
  4. A is greater than B.

Explanation

Distributing the factor 5 over the subtraction gives 5 × 12 − 5 × 4, which is exactly expression B. Both expressions equal 40, so they are equal.

Question 35Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A number machine follows the rule 'multiply by 3, then add 5.' The output is 26. What was the input?

  1. 10
  2. 7 Correct answer.
  3. 9
  4. 21

Explanation

Work backward by undoing each step in reverse order. Subtract 5 from 26 to get 21, then divide by 3 to get 7. Checking forward: 7 × 3 + 5 = 26.

Question 36Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A pattern starts at 2 and follows the rule 'multiply by 3, then subtract 1.' What are the next two numbers?

  1. 5, 15
  2. 5, 14 Correct answer.
  3. 6, 17
  4. 6, 18

Explanation

Apply the rule to 2: 2 × 3 − 1 = 5. Then apply it to 5: 5 × 3 − 1 = 14. So the next two numbers are 5 and 14.

Question 37Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Which equation shows the distributive property used to find 7 × 9?

  1. 7 × 9 = 7 × 9 + 0
  2. 7 × 9 = 7 + 9 + 7 + 9
  3. 7 × 9 = 7 × 5 + 7 × 4 Correct answer.
  4. 7 × 9 = 9 × 7

Explanation

The distributive property splits one factor into two addends and multiplies each part by the other factor. Since 9 = 5 + 4, 7 × 9 = 7 × 5 + 7 × 4, and both sides equal 63.

Question 38Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A group of 4 friends shares some stickers equally. Each friend gets 6 stickers, and 3 stickers are left over. How many stickers were there to start?

  1. 27 Correct answer.
  2. 10
  3. 18
  4. 24

Explanation

Multiply the number in each share by the number of friends, then add the leftover stickers. That gives 4 × 6 + 3 = 27 stickers.

Question 39Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Which expression has a value of 24?

  1. 2 × (3 + 4)
  2. 3 × (4 + 4) Correct answer.
  3. 3 × (5 + 4)
  4. 4 × (3 + 4)

Explanation

Evaluate the parentheses first: 4 + 4 = 8, then 3 × 8 = 24. The order of operations requires finishing the operation inside the parentheses before multiplying.

Question 40Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A teacher has 48 crayons to share equally among some students. Each student receives 6 crayons. Which equation finds the number of students?

  1. 48 × 6 = 288
  2. 48 − 6 = 42
  3. 48 ÷ 6 = 8 Correct answer.
  4. 48 + 6 = 54

Explanation

The total number of crayons divided by the number each student gets gives the number of students. Since 48 ÷ 6 = 8, there are 8 students.

Question 41Number and Operations in Base Ten

What is the value of the digit 7 in the number 4,782?

  1. 70
  2. 700 Correct answer.
  3. 7,000
  4. 7

Explanation

In 4,782 the digits name thousands, hundreds, tens, and ones from left to right. The 7 sits in the hundreds place, so its value is 7 hundreds, which equals 700.

Question 42Number and Operations in Base Ten

Which number is read as "six thousand forty-two"?

  1. 6,042 Correct answer.
  2. 6,420
  3. 6,402
  4. 642

Explanation

The words give 6 thousands, 0 hundreds, 4 tens, and 2 ones, so the standard form is 6,042. The zero must hold the hundreds place so the 4 stays in the tens place.

Question 43Number and Operations in Base Ten

A library has 3,508 books. What is 3,508 rounded to the nearest hundred?

  1. 3,500 Correct answer.
  2. 3,510
  3. 3,600
  4. 4,000

Explanation

To round to the nearest hundred, look at the tens digit, which is 0. Since 0 is less than 5, the hundreds digit stays 5 and the tens and ones become zeros, giving 3,500.

Question 44Number and Operations in Base Ten

What is 46 + 38?

  1. 73
  2. 74
  3. 84 Correct answer.
  4. 812

Explanation

Add the ones: 6 + 8 = 14, so write 4 and carry 1 ten. Add the tens: 4 + 3 + 1 = 8, giving 84.

Question 45Number and Operations in Base Ten

What is 500 − 268?

  1. 268
  2. 332
  3. 232 Correct answer.
  4. 242

Explanation

Regroup 500 as 4 hundreds, 9 tens, and 10 ones. Then 10 − 8 = 2 ones, 9 − 6 = 3 tens, and 4 − 2 = 2 hundreds, so the difference is 232.

Question 46Number and Operations in Base Ten

Which expression has the same value as 6 × 10?

  1. 60 × 10
  2. 6 × 1
  3. 6 × 100
  4. 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 Correct answer.

Explanation

6 × 10 means six groups of 10, which is the same as adding 10 six times. That repeated addition equals 60, the value of 6 × 10.

Question 47Number and Operations in Base Ten

What is 80 ÷ 10?

  1. 8 Correct answer.
  2. 10
  3. 18
  4. 80

Explanation

Dividing by 10 asks how many groups of 10 are in 80. Since 8 groups of 10 make 80, the quotient is 8, and the pattern is that the zero is removed.

Question 48Number and Operations in Base Ten

What is 7 × 100?

  1. 7,000
  2. 107
  3. 70
  4. 700 Correct answer.

Explanation

Multiplying a one-digit number by 100 shifts it two places to the left, so 7 becomes 700. Equivalently, 7 groups of 100 make 700.

Question 49Number and Operations in Base Ten

Which number is greatest?

  1. 4,990 Correct answer.
  2. 4,909
  3. 4,099
  4. 4,090

Explanation

All four numbers have 4 thousands, so compare the hundreds digits. The numbers with 0 hundreds (4,099 and 4,090) are smallest, and between 4,909 and 4,990 the tens digits 0 and 9 decide it, making 4,990 greatest.

Question 50Number and Operations in Base Ten

What is 358 rounded to the nearest ten?

  1. 300
  2. 350
  3. 400
  4. 360 Correct answer.

Explanation

To round to the nearest ten, look at the ones digit, which is 8. Since 8 is 5 or more, round the tens digit up from 5 to 6, giving 360.