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CAAP RPA Controller study materials
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CAAP RPA Controller practice questions

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Question 1Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

Under the Philippine Civil Aviation Regulations governing RPAS, which agency is the sole authority empowered to issue a Remote Pilot Certificate for operating an RPA in Philippine airspace?

  1. The Department of Information and Communications Technology
  2. The Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines Correct answer.
  3. The Civil Aeronautics Board
  4. The Philippine Air Force

Explanation

The Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) administers the Philippine Civil Aviation Regulations and issues Remote Pilot Certificates and RPAS operator certificates. The CAB handles economic regulation of air carriers, while DICT and the Air Force have no licensing role over civil remote pilots.

Question 2Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

A person applying for a CAAP Remote Pilot Certificate must normally meet a minimum age requirement. What is that minimum age?

  1. 18 years Correct answer.
  2. 17 years
  3. 21 years
  4. 16 years

Explanation

CAAP RPAS rules require an applicant for a Remote Pilot Certificate to be at least 18 years of age, matching the general age of majority used for aviation personnel licensing. Younger applicants cannot hold the certificate even with parental consent.

Question 3Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

Which document issued by CAAP authorizes an entity to conduct RPAS operations commercially in the Philippines?

  1. A Radio Station License
  2. A Pilot Logbook Endorsement
  3. An RPAS Operator Certificate Correct answer.
  4. A Certificate of Airworthiness

Explanation

An RPAS Operator Certificate (ROC) is issued to an organization that demonstrates it can safely conduct RPAS operations, and it is the authorization required for commercial operations. A certificate of airworthiness applies to the individual aircraft, while a radio license concerns spectrum use.

Question 4Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

For most RPAS operations in the Philippines, what is the standard maximum altitude above ground level unless a specific approval is granted?

  1. 500 feet AGL
  2. 1,000 feet AGL
  3. 400 feet AGL Correct answer.
  4. 120 feet AGL

Explanation

Philippine RPAS regulations set 400 feet AGL as the general ceiling for RPAS operations unless CAAP authorizes otherwise. This aligns with common international practice and keeps small unmanned aircraft clear of most manned traffic patterns.

Question 5Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

An RPAS operator wishes to fly within 5 nautical miles of an aerodrome. What is generally required before such a flight?

  1. Only a logged flight plan filed after landing
  2. A prior authorization or coordination with the aerodrome and CAAP Correct answer.
  3. Nothing, provided the RPA weighs under 7 kg
  4. Only a valid radio license

Explanation

Operations near aerodromes require prior coordination and authorization because they intersect manned aircraft traffic patterns. CAAP rules restrict RPAS flight in controlled airspace and near airports unless approval is obtained from the authority and the aerodrome operator.

Question 6Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

Which of the following best describes the visual line of sight requirement for RPAS operations under CAAP rules?

  1. Visual line of sight is required only at night
  2. Visual line of sight must be maintained by the operator's manager on the ground
  3. The remote pilot must maintain unaided visual contact sufficient to monitor the aircraft and its surroundings Correct answer.
  4. The pilot may rely entirely on first-person view goggles without a visual observer

Explanation

The remote pilot must be able to see the RPA and the surrounding airspace directly, without magnification, to detect conflicting traffic and maintain separation. Corrective lenses are permitted, but reliance on goggles or cameras alone does not satisfy the requirement.

Question 7Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

Before conducting an RPAS flight, the remote pilot must perform a pre-flight inspection. Which action best reflects the regulatory intent of this requirement?

  1. Confirming the aircraft, control link, and power systems are serviceable before launch Correct answer.
  2. Recording the flight in the logbook after landing
  3. Submitting the post-flight report to CAAP
  4. Obtaining a passenger manifest

Explanation

Pre-flight inspection is meant to verify that the aircraft, its control links, and power sources are functioning before flight, reducing the risk of in-flight failure. Logging and reporting are separate post-flight obligations and do not substitute for the inspection.

Question 8Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

An RPA is being flown for recreation at a public park. Which statement reflects the general Philippine regulatory position on such flights?

  1. Recreational flights are entirely exempt from CAAP rules
  2. Recreational flights are permitted only above 400 feet
  3. Recreational flights still must comply with safety and operating limits Correct answer.
  4. Recreational flights require an RPAS Operator Certificate

Explanation

Recreational or hobby flights are not outside the regulations; they must still respect altitude limits, no-fly zones, and safety provisions. An RPAS Operator Certificate is aimed at organizational or commercial operations, not casual recreational use.

Question 9Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

What is the primary purpose of registering an RPA with CAAP?

  1. To set the aircraft's maximum retail price
  2. To certify the remote pilot's medical fitness
  3. To assign a unique identity to the aircraft for accountability and oversight Correct answer.
  4. To authorize the use of radio frequencies

Explanation

Registration gives each RPA a unique identity so that the authority can link the aircraft to its owner and track operations for safety oversight. It does not certify pilot fitness, allocate spectrum, or regulate pricing.

Question 10Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

A remote pilot is asked to fly an RPA beyond the standard visual range using a relay or autonomous mode. What does CAAP generally require?

  1. A second remote pilot certificate
  2. Conversion of the RPA to a manned category
  3. Nothing beyond a standard pre-flight check
  4. Specific approval for beyond visual line of sight operations Correct answer.

Explanation

Beyond visual line of sight operations carry higher risk and require specific authorization from CAAP, often supported by a safety risk assessment. Standard pre-flight checks or extra certificates do not substitute for that approval.

Question 11Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

Which of the following is a standard restriction on RPAS operations intended to protect people on the ground?

  1. All RPAs must carry parachutes
  2. RPAs may never fly over private property
  3. Flying only during daylight hours is mandatory for all operations
  4. Operating over open-air assemblies of people without approval is prohibited Correct answer.

Explanation

Rules generally prohibit flying over open-air assemblies of people unless specifically authorized, because of the risk of injury from a falling aircraft. Daylight-only rules are not universal, parachutes are not mandated, and overflight of private property is not categorically banned.

Question 12Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

During an operation, a remote pilot loses the command-and-control link. What is the most appropriate regulatory expectation?

  1. The RPA should follow a pre-programmed lost-link procedure that minimizes risk to persons and property Correct answer.
  2. The pilot should climb to maximum altitude to regain signal
  3. The pilot should immediately leave the control station
  4. The pilot should ignore the event if the RPA lands safely

Explanation

Operators are expected to have a documented lost-link procedure so the aircraft behaves predictably, such as hovering, returning to home, or landing in a safe area. Abandoning the station or climbing to regain signal increases risk, and even a safe landing should be reported and reviewed.

Question 13Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

Which body of Philippine law provides the foundational statutory framework under which CAAP exercises its aviation safety mandate?

  1. The Local Government Code
  2. The Data Privacy Act
  3. The Civil Aviation Authority Act Correct answer.
  4. The Clean Air Act

Explanation

The Civil Aviation Authority Act establishes CAAP and defines its powers over civil aviation safety, including the regulation of unmanned aircraft. The Clean Air Act, Data Privacy Act, and Local Government Code address unrelated subject areas.

Question 14Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

An incident occurs during an RPAS operation that results in injury to a bystander. What is the operator's immediate regulatory obligation?

  1. Wait for the injured party to file a complaint first
  2. Resume operations immediately to demonstrate reliability
  3. Report the occurrence to CAAP and preserve relevant records Correct answer.
  4. Delete the flight logs to protect commercial confidentiality

Explanation

Occurrence reporting rules require the operator to notify CAAP of accidents and serious incidents and to preserve records such as flight logs for investigation. Waiting for a complaint, resuming operations, or destroying data would breach reporting and record-keeping duties.

Question 15Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

A remote pilot certificate holder moves to a new residential address. What should the holder do regarding the certificate?

  1. Transfer the certificate to a family member
  2. Notify CAAP of the change so the certificate records stay current Correct answer.
  3. Surrender the certificate and reapply from scratch
  4. Nothing, because the certificate does not list an address

Explanation

Licensing rules require certificate holders to keep their particulars current, including contact and address details, so the authority can reach them. Surrendering and reapplying is unnecessary, and certificates cannot be transferred to another person.

Question 16Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

Which of the following operations would most clearly require a specific CAAP authorization rather than routine compliance?

  1. Flying a small RPA within visual line of sight in uncontrolled airspace
  2. Flying a small RPA at 100 feet over the operator's own fenced lot
  3. Conducting a pre-flight check before flight
  4. Dropping a payload from an RPA in a populated area Correct answer.

Explanation

Payload dropping, especially over populated areas, poses elevated risk to persons and property and is not a routine activity, so it needs specific authorization. The other options describe ordinary, low-risk activities covered by general compliance.

Question 17Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

An operator plans a night RPAS operation. Which consideration is most consistent with CAAP requirements?

  1. Night operations are always prohibited for all RPAs
  2. Night operations need no additional precautions
  3. Night operations may require additional conditions such as lighting and specific approval Correct answer.
  4. Night operations are permitted only above 400 feet

Explanation

Night flight is generally permitted only with additional safeguards, such as anti-collision lighting and specific authorization, because see-and-avoid becomes harder. A blanket prohibition or a total absence of precautions misstates the regulatory approach.

Question 18Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

What does the term 'segregated airspace' mean in the context of RPAS operations?

  1. Airspace set aside for exclusive use by specified users during a defined period Correct answer.
  2. Airspace reserved only for military aircraft
  3. Airspace permanently closed to all aircraft
  4. Airspace where only gliders may operate

Explanation

Segregated airspace is temporarily or permanently reserved for particular users so that their operations do not conflict with other traffic. It is not exclusively military, glider-only, or permanently closed to everyone.

Question 19Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

Which of the following best describes a 'no-fly zone' relevant to RPAS operators in the Philippines?

  1. An area where only recreational flights are allowed
  2. An area where altitude limits are doubled
  3. An area reserved for RPA racing
  4. An area where flight is prohibited or restricted for security or safety reasons Correct answer.

Explanation

No-fly zones are designated areas, often around sensitive installations or during security events, where flight is prohibited or restricted. They are not set aside for recreation or racing, nor do they relax altitude limits.

Question 20Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

A remote pilot is unsure whether a planned flight area is within restricted airspace. What is the most appropriate action?

  1. Rely on the RPA's GPS to warn of restrictions
  2. Proceed and check afterward
  3. Assume all rural areas are unrestricted
  4. Verify the airspace status with CAAP or official aeronautical information before flight Correct answer.

Explanation

The pilot should confirm airspace status using official sources before flight, because operating in restricted airspace without authorization is a violation. Proceeding first, assuming rural areas are clear, or relying solely on onboard warnings is inadequate.

Question 21Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

What is the role of a visual observer in an RPAS operation?

  1. To take over control of the aircraft without certification
  2. To certify the aircraft's airworthiness
  3. To authorize the flight on behalf of CAAP
  4. To assist the remote pilot in scanning for conflicting traffic and hazards Correct answer.

Explanation

A visual observer supports the remote pilot by watching the airspace and warning of traffic or hazards that the pilot may miss while managing the controls. The observer does not control the aircraft, grant authorization, or certify airworthiness.

Question 22Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

Which record-keeping practice is most consistent with RPAS operator obligations under CAAP rules?

  1. Keeping records only when an accident occurs
  2. Retaining flight logs and maintenance records for the period required by regulation Correct answer.
  3. Discarding logs once the flight is completed
  4. Storing records only in the pilot's memory

Explanation

Operators must retain flight and maintenance records for the prescribed period to support oversight and investigations. Discarding logs routinely, keeping them only after accidents, or relying on memory defeats the purpose of record-keeping.

Question 23Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

An RPA operator intends to fly over a densely populated urban district for a commercial survey. Which approach best reflects the regulatory risk-management expectation?

  1. Conduct a safety risk assessment and obtain any required authorization before flight Correct answer.
  2. Proceed because commercial surveys are always low risk
  3. Rely on the RPA's automatic return function alone
  4. Fly at maximum speed to minimize exposure time

Explanation

Operations over densely populated areas require a documented risk assessment and, where necessary, specific authorization to address ground risk. Assuming low risk, flying faster, or depending solely on automation does not satisfy the regulatory expectation.

Question 24Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

Which statement about the relationship between RPAS rules and manned aircraft right-of-way is correct?

  1. Right-of-way is decided by the visual observer
  2. The RPA always has right-of-way because it is smaller
  3. Right-of-way depends on which aircraft is faster
  4. The RPA must give way to manned aircraft at all times Correct answer.

Explanation

RPAs must yield to manned aircraft to preserve the safety of persons aboard manned flights. Size, speed, or observer preference does not determine right-of-way in favor of the unmanned aircraft.

Question 25Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

A foreign national wishes to operate an RPA commercially in the Philippines. What is the most accurate description of the general requirement?

  1. Only a foreign pilot certificate is needed, with no local requirement
  2. Foreign nationals are categorically barred from all RPAS activity
  3. A tourist visa alone authorizes commercial RPAS operations
  4. The person must comply with CAAP certification and any applicable nationality or reciprocity conditions Correct answer.

Explanation

Foreign operators must satisfy CAAP certification requirements and any conditions on nationality or reciprocal recognition that apply. There is no blanket ban, but a foreign certificate or a tourist visa alone does not authorize commercial operations locally.

Question 26Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

Under the Philippine Civil Aviation Regulations governing RPAS, which document issued by CAAP authorizes an operator to conduct commercial RPAS operations?

  1. A Certificate of Registration for the aircraft only
  2. A barangay clearance for the launch site
  3. A radio station licence from the NTC alone
  4. An RPAS Operator Certificate issued by CAAP Correct answer.

Explanation

Commercial RPAS operations require an RPAS Operator Certificate (ROC) issued by CAAP, which confirms the operator's systems, manuals and procedures meet the applicable civil aviation regulations. Aircraft registration alone does not authorize commercial activity, and local or telecommunications permits are separate ancillary requirements.

Question 27Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

Which Philippine statute is the principal law that CAAP administers when regulating civil aviation, including RPAS?

  1. Republic Act No. 9497, the Civil Aviation Authority Act of 2008 Correct answer.
  2. Republic Act No. 7920, the Electrical Engineering Law
  3. Republic Act No. 10173, the Data Privacy Act
  4. Republic Act No. 4136, the Land Transportation Code

Explanation

RA 9497 created the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines and vested it with authority to promulgate and enforce civil aviation regulations, which is the statutory basis for RPAS rules. The other statutes concern land transport, data privacy and professional regulation and do not govern air navigation.

Question 28Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

A remote pilot intends to fly an RPA at 150 metres above ground level in controlled airspace near a provincial airport. Which statement best reflects the CAAP position on such a flight?

  1. It is permitted if the pilot holds a valid remote pilot certificate
  2. It is permitted provided the flight lasts less than 30 minutes
  3. It is permitted because the RPA weighs less than 25 kilograms
  4. It requires prior coordination and clearance from the air traffic service unit and CAAP Correct answer.

Explanation

Operations in controlled airspace or above the standard altitude limit require prior authorization and coordination with the responsible air traffic service unit so that manned traffic is protected. Holding a certificate or meeting a weight threshold does not remove the need for airspace clearance.

Question 29Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

What is the standard maximum altitude above ground level for routine RPAS operations under CAAP rules, absent specific authorization?

  1. 400 feet (about 120 metres) Correct answer.
  2. 1,000 feet (about 300 metres)
  3. 10,000 feet (about 3,000 metres)
  4. 500 feet (about 150 metres)

Explanation

CAAP aligns its RPAS altitude limit with the widely adopted 400-foot (approximately 120-metre) ceiling above ground level for routine operations. Flying higher brings the RPA into airspace used by manned aircraft and therefore requires specific authorization.

Question 30Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

An operator wishes to conduct a beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) delivery trial in a rural area. Which statement best describes the regulatory path under CAAP rules?

  1. BVLOS requires specific CAAP approval supported by a safety risk assessment and mitigation measures Correct answer.
  2. BVLOS is permitted whenever the pilot holds an instrument rating
  3. BVLOS is permitted if a visual observer is stationed every 500 metres
  4. BVLOS is prohibited absolutely with no approval pathway

Explanation

BVLOS operations fall outside routine limitations and therefore require specific CAAP authorization, typically supported by a documented safety risk assessment and defined mitigation measures such as detect-and-avoid capability. Absolute prohibition is inaccurate because an approval pathway exists.

Question 31Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

Which of the following best describes the term 'controlled airspace' as it applies to RPAS operations in the Philippines?

  1. Airspace within which air traffic control service is provided and clearance is required Correct answer.
  2. Airspace where only RPAS may operate
  3. Airspace closed to all traffic during daylight hours
  4. Airspace above 400 feet used exclusively by military aircraft

Explanation

Controlled airspace is airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control service is provided, so entry by an RPA generally requires clearance. It is not reserved for RPAS, nor is it defined by a fixed altitude band or daylight closure.

Question 32Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

A remote pilot is preparing to fly near a military reservation and a hospital helipad. What is the most appropriate action before flight?

  1. Fly at the lowest possible altitude to stay under radar coverage
  2. Rely on the RPA's geofencing to prevent any violation
  3. Check published aeronautical information and coordinate with the affected authorities Correct answer.
  4. Proceed because hospital helipads are not part of the airspace system

Explanation

Restricted and sensitive areas must be identified from published aeronautical information, and operations near them require coordination with the controlling or affected authority. Geofencing is a helpful aid but is not a substitute for pre-flight planning and formal coordination.

Question 33Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

Which right-of-way principle governs an RPA encountering a manned aircraft in flight?

  1. The manned aircraft has right of way and the RPA must give way Correct answer.
  2. Right of way depends on the relative size of the two aircraft
  3. The RPA has right of way because it is more maneuverable
  4. Right of way is decided by whoever files a flight plan first

Explanation

Manned aircraft always have right of way over RPAS, and the remote pilot must yield, typically by descending or maneuvering away. Maneuverability, flight-plan timing and aircraft size do not alter this hierarchy.

Question 34Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

An operator's RPA suffers a fly-away and is not recovered. Which reporting obligation arises under CAAP rules?

  1. No report is needed unless property damage exceeds a fixed amount
  2. The operator reports only to the manufacturer for warranty purposes
  3. The operator must notify CAAP of the accident or serious incident as soon as practicable Correct answer.
  4. The operator must wait 30 days before deciding whether to report

Explanation

A fly-away is treated as an accident or serious incident that must be reported to CAAP as soon as practicable so that safety investigation and hazard mitigation can begin. Reporting is not conditional on a damage threshold or a waiting period.

Question 35Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

Which statement correctly describes the validity and renewal expectation for a CAAP-issued remote pilot certificate?

  1. It remains valid indefinitely once issued
  2. It expires whenever the holder changes employer
  3. It is valid for a defined period and must be renewed before expiry Correct answer.
  4. It must be re-issued every time the pilot flies a new RPA model

Explanation

Remote pilot certificates are issued for a defined validity period and must be renewed, usually with evidence of recent experience or recurrent assessment. They are not indefinite, and they are not tied to employer changes or individual aircraft models.

Question 36Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

A commercial operator keeps flight logs, maintenance records and occurrence reports. Which statement best reflects the record-keeping expectation under CAAP rules?

  1. Records must be kept only by the manufacturer of the RPA
  2. Records may be discarded once the flight is completed
  3. Records must be retained for a defined period and made available to CAAP on request Correct answer.
  4. Records are needed only when an insurance claim is filed

Explanation

Operators are expected to maintain flight, maintenance and occurrence records for a defined retention period and to produce them when CAAP requests them for oversight. Discarding records after each flight or keeping them only for insurance defeats the safety oversight purpose.

Question 37Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

An operator plans to conduct RPAS operations from a moving vessel offshore. Which consideration is most consistent with CAAP requirements?

  1. Maritime operations are outside CAAP jurisdiction entirely
  2. The operation requires specific authorization addressing the launch platform and coordination with relevant authorities Correct answer.
  3. A standard certificate of registration is sufficient with no further approval
  4. Only the vessel captain's consent is required

Explanation

Operating from a moving vessel introduces hazards and coordination needs that fall outside routine limitations, so specific CAAP authorization addressing the launch and recovery platform is required. Consent from a vessel master or a registration certificate does not provide that authority.

Question 38Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

A remote pilot receives an instruction from an air traffic controller that conflicts with the published RPAS limitation for the area. What is the most appropriate response?

  1. Abandon the flight immediately without notifying anyone
  2. Comply with the controller's instruction, since ATC direction governs the flight Correct answer.
  3. Ask a fellow pilot on the ground to decide
  4. Ignore the instruction because published limitations always prevail

Explanation

Air traffic control instructions take precedence during flight because the controller has the current traffic picture, and the remote pilot must comply and advise ATC if unable. Published limitations guide planning but do not override a direct clearance.

Question 39Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

Which of the following best describes the requirement for RPAS insurance or liability coverage in Philippine commercial operations?

  1. Coverage requirements depend on the operation category and are typically imposed as a condition of authorization Correct answer.
  2. Coverage is optional and never referenced in CAAP authorizations
  3. No coverage is ever required for any RPAS activity
  4. Coverage is required only for flights above 10,000 feet

Explanation

Liability coverage expectations vary with the nature and risk of the operation and are commonly imposed as a condition of the operator certificate or specific authorization. There is no blanket rule that coverage is never required, nor one tied to an irrelevant altitude threshold.

Question 40Philippine aviation law and CAAP RPAS regulations

Which action best reflects a remote pilot's duty regarding a pre-flight check of airspace restrictions for a planned commercial flight?

  1. Consult current aeronautical information and notices before launch Correct answer.
  2. Rely solely on the RPA's automatic return-to-home function
  3. Ask the client whether the area is restricted
  4. Assume yesterday's clearance remains valid for today's flight

Explanation

The remote pilot must review current aeronautical information and notices to airmen before each flight, because restrictions and traffic conditions change. Prior clearances, automation features and client opinions are not valid substitutes for current information.

Question 41Airspace classification, restrictions and operating limitations

Under the standard ICAO airspace classification scheme, which class of airspace permits both IFR and VFR flights with no requirement for ATC clearance in the airspace itself?

  1. Class C
  2. Class D
  3. Class E Correct answer.
  4. Class B

Explanation

Class E is controlled airspace in which IFR flights receive clearance and separation but VFR flights may operate without an ATC clearance, subject to visibility and cloud-distance minima. Classes B, C and D all require an ATC clearance for VFR entry.

Question 42Airspace classification, restrictions and operating limitations

In Class G airspace, what traffic separation service is provided to IFR flights by ATC?

  1. Separation from VFR traffic only during daylight hours
  2. Separation from other IFR traffic only where procedures are established
  3. Full separation from all IFR and VFR traffic
  4. No separation service is provided to any flight Correct answer.

Explanation

Class G is uncontrolled airspace, so ATC does not provide separation to IFR or VFR flights operating there. Pilots remain responsible for their own traffic avoidance and, where applicable, for see-and-avoid with other aircraft.

Question 43Airspace classification, restrictions and operating limitations

Which transponder mode and code should a pilot select when operating in airspace where a discrete code has not been assigned but a transponder is required?

  1. Mode A with code 7500
  2. Mode C with code 2000 Correct answer.
  3. Mode A with code 7600
  4. Mode C with code 1200

Explanation

When no discrete code is assigned, the standard conspicuity code 2000 is used, and Mode C altitude reporting is selected where the airspace requires it. Codes 7500, 7600 and 7700 are reserved for unlawful interference, radio failure and emergency respectively.

Question 44Airspace classification, restrictions and operating limitations

A remote pilot is planning a flight that will cross a controlled aerodrome traffic zone. What is the normal prerequisite before entering that zone?

  1. An ATC clearance obtained before entry Correct answer.
  2. A filed VFR flight plan only
  3. A post-flight notification to the aerodrome operator
  4. A radio check on the tower frequency after entry

Explanation

Aerodrome traffic zones are controlled airspace, and entry requires an ATC clearance obtained before crossing the boundary. Filing a flight plan or notifying after the fact does not substitute for the clearance.

Question 45Airspace classification, restrictions and operating limitations

What is the principal purpose of a prohibited area established in the vicinity of a sensitive installation?

  1. To restrict flight to IFR operations only
  2. To allow flight only with prior permission
  3. To forbid flight entirely within its lateral and vertical limits Correct answer.
  4. To warn pilots of temporary hazards

Explanation

A prohibited area bans all flight within its published limits, typically to protect national security or hazardous installations. Restricted and danger areas differ because they permit flight under specified conditions or warn of non-permanent hazards.

Question 46Airspace classification, restrictions and operating limitations

What distinguishes a restricted area from a danger area under standard airspace terminology?

  1. A restricted area permits flight only under stated conditions, while a danger area warns of hazards that may exist Correct answer.
  2. A restricted area applies only to IFR flights, while a danger area applies to all flights
  3. A restricted area exists only above 10,000 ft, while a danger area exists below
  4. A restricted area is permanent, while a danger area is always temporary

Explanation

A restricted area imposes conditions or limitations on flight, often requiring permission or a clearance, whereas a danger area simply warns that hazardous activity may be present at specified times. Both may be permanent or temporary.

Question 47Airspace classification, restrictions and operating limitations

For a UA flight in Class D airspace, which combination of equipment and authorisation is normally required?

  1. Two-way radio communication only, with no clearance
  2. ATC clearance only, with no radio
  3. Two-way radio communication plus ATC clearance Correct answer.
  4. Mode S transponder only, with no radio

Explanation

Class D requires both an ATC clearance and two-way radio communication so the controller can separate IFR traffic and maintain situational awareness of the UA. Radio alone or a transponder alone does not satisfy the entry requirement.

Question 48Airspace classification, restrictions and operating limitations

What does the term 'ceiling' mean when applied to the cloud minima for VFR flight in controlled airspace?

  1. The vertical distance between two cloud layers
  2. The height above ground of the base of the lowest cloud layer covering more than half the sky Correct answer.
  3. The height of the highest cloud layer
  4. The height of the lowest cloud layer covering more than half the sky

Explanation

Ceiling is defined as the height above ground of the base of the lowest cloud layer reported as broken or overcast, that is, covering more than half the sky. It is not the top of a layer or the gap between layers.

Question 49Airspace classification, restrictions and operating limitations

An RPA is operating in Class C airspace and the controller issues a traffic advisory about an unknown VFR aircraft. What does this indicate about separation responsibility?

  1. The remote pilot must still see and avoid the unknown aircraft Correct answer.
  2. The controller has assumed full separation responsibility for the UA
  3. The unknown aircraft must change course to avoid the UA
  4. No action is required because Class C separates all traffic

Explanation

Class C provides separation between IFR and VFR aircraft but does not guarantee separation from unknown VFR traffic that is not receiving an ATC service. The remote pilot retains see-and-avoid responsibility and should act on the advisory.

Question 50Airspace classification, restrictions and operating limitations

A flight planned at 4,500 ft AMS crosses from Class G into Class E airspace along the route. Which statement best describes the change in requirements?

  1. The flight may continue without clearance but must meet the Class E VFR weather minima and any transponder requirement Correct answer.
  2. The flight must obtain an ATC clearance and a radio communication before entering the Class E
  3. The flight must descend below the Class E boundary before continuing
  4. The flight must obtain an ATC clearance but no radio communication is required

Explanation

VFR flights may enter Class E without a clearance, but they must comply with the higher weather minima and equipment requirements that apply there. IFR flights, by contrast, need a clearance and radio communication.