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Question 1Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Sa pangungusap na "Ibinigay ni Aling Rosa ang lumang radyo sa kanyang kapitbahay," anong bahagi ng pananalita ang salitang "kapitbahay"?

  1. pang-uri
  2. pang-abay
  3. pandiwa
  4. pangngalan Correct answer.

Explanation

Ang "kapitbahay" ay pangngalan dahil ito ang tumutukoy sa tao na pinagbigyan ng radyo. Sinusundan ito ng pang-ukol na "sa," na karaniwang nagpapakilala ng layon na pangngalan sa pangungusap. Ang mga pang-uri ay naglalarawan at ang mga pandiwa ay nagsasaad ng kilos.

Question 2Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Which word in the sentence "The committee reviewed the budget carefully before the final hearing" functions as an adverb?

  1. committee
  2. budget
  3. carefully Correct answer.
  4. hearing

Explanation

An adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb, and "carefully" describes how the committee reviewed the budget. "Committee" and "budget" are nouns, while "hearing" is a noun in this context. Only "carefully" answers the question of manner attached to the verb "reviewed."

Question 3Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Alin sa mga sumusunod ang wastong pagkakabaybay ng salitang nangangahulugang "taong nag-aaral ng mga wika"?

  1. lingguwista Correct answer.
  2. lingwista
  3. linggwista
  4. lingguista

Explanation

Ang pamantayang baybay sa Filipino ay "lingguwista," na may "gu" at "w" na magkasunod ayon sa paraan ng paghihiram mula sa salitang Kastila. Ang mga anyong may nawawalang titik ay lumalabag sa tuntunin ng pagbaybay ng mga hiram na salita. Dapat panatilihin ang buong anyo ng saligang salita kapag isinasalin sa ortograpiyang Filipino.

Question 4Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

In the sentence "Neither the students nor the teacher was informed about the schedule change," the verb "was" agrees with which subject?

  1. the students
  2. the sentence has no grammatical subject
  3. the teacher Correct answer.
  4. the schedule change

Explanation

With a correlative conjunction pair like "neither...nor," the verb agrees with the subject closer to it, which is the singular "teacher." That is why the singular "was" is correct rather than "were." The plural "students" does not control agreement in this construction.

Question 5Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Anong tawag sa paraan ng pagbuo ng salita na nangyayari sa "takbuhan" mula sa salitang-ugat na "takbo"?

  1. pag-uulit
  2. pagtatambal
  3. paglalapi Correct answer.
  4. pagdadaglat

Explanation

Ang "takbuhan" ay nabuo sa pamamagitan ng paglalapi, partikular ng hulaping "-han" na idinagdag sa salitang-ugat na "takbo." Sa paglalapi, may panlapi na ikinakabit sa salita upang makabuo ng bagong kahulugan. Hindi ito pag-uulit dahil walang bahagi ng salita na inuulit.

Question 6Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Which sentence uses the semicolon correctly according to standard English punctuation?

  1. They arrived late; because the traffic was heavy.
  2. The rain stopped; the streets were still flooded. Correct answer.
  3. He bought milk; eggs; and bread at the store.
  4. She packed her bags; and left for the airport early.

Explanation

A semicolon may join two independent clauses that are closely related without a coordinating conjunction. "The rain stopped" and "the streets were still flooded" are both complete clauses, so the semicolon is appropriate. The other options misuse it before a conjunction, in a list, or before a subordinate clause.

Question 7Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Sa pangungusap na "Mabilis na tumakbo ang bata patungo sa paaralan," alin ang pang-abay na pamanahon?

  1. paaralan
  2. wala sa mga nabanggit Correct answer.
  3. mabilis
  4. tumakbo

Explanation

Ang pang-abay na pamanahon ay nagsasaad ng oras o panahon ng kilos, tulad ng "kanina," "bukas," o "mamaya." Sa pangungusap, ang "mabilis" ay pang-abay na pamaraan at ang "paaralan" ay pangngalan na layon ng pang-ukol. Dahil walang salitang nagsasaad ng panahon, tama ang "wala sa mga nabanggit."

Question 8Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Which of the following best defines the term "register" as used in language proficiency assessment?

  1. the total number of words a learner has memorized
  2. the regional accent a speaker acquires in childhood
  3. the variety of language chosen to suit a particular audience and situation Correct answer.
  4. the grammatical case assigned to a pronoun

Explanation

Register refers to the level of formality and the style of language a speaker selects for a given audience, purpose, and setting. A formal academic essay and a text message to a friend illustrate different registers of the same language. It is not about accent, vocabulary size, or grammatical case.

Question 9Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Choose the sentence in which the pronoun reference is clear and unambiguous.

  1. Maria met Ana and she was very happy about it.
  2. When Maria met Ana, she said that the meeting was cancelled.
  3. After speaking with Ana, Maria told her the news, and she agreed.
  4. Maria told Ana that the meeting was cancelled. Correct answer.

Explanation

A pronoun should refer clearly to a single antecedent. In "Maria told Ana that the meeting was cancelled," there is no pronoun whose referent is uncertain. The other sentences contain pronouns like "she" or "her" that could refer to either woman, creating ambiguity.

Question 10Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Alin sa mga pangungusap ang may wastong gamit ng "ng" at "nang"?

  1. Nang tatlong araw siyang naglakbay ng mag-isa.
  2. Naglakbay siya ng tatlong araw nang mag-isa. Correct answer.
  3. Nang naglakbay siya ng tatlong araw mag-isa.
  4. Naglakbay siya nang tatlong araw ng mag-isa.

Explanation

Ang "ng" ay ginagamit bilang pang-ukol na nagpapahayag ng tagal o dami, kaya "ng tatlong araw" ang tama. Ang "nang" ay ginagamit bilang pang-abay na pamaraan o pangatnig, kaya "nang mag-isa" ang angkop. Ang pangungusap na may tamang paghahati ng dalawang anyo ay ang ikalawang opsyon.

Question 11Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Which revision best removes the dangling modifier in "Walking through the museum, the paintings impressed the visitors"?

  1. Impressed by the paintings, walking through the museum the visitors were.
  2. The paintings impressed the visitors walking through the museum.
  3. Walking through the museum, the visitors were impressed by the paintings. Correct answer.
  4. The paintings, walking through the museum, impressed the visitors.

Explanation

A participial phrase at the start of a sentence must modify the subject that follows it. In the original, "walking through the museum" appears to modify "the paintings," which cannot walk. Making "the visitors" the subject fixes the dangling modifier.

Question 12Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Ano ang kahulugan ng idyomang "nagbibilang ng poste" sa pangungusap na "Huwag ka nang maghintay sa kanya; nagbibilang lang ng poste iyan"?

  1. walang ginagawa o tambay Correct answer.
  2. naghahanap ng trabaho
  3. naglalakad nang mabilis
  4. nag-aayos ng kalsada

Explanation

Ang "nagbibilang ng poste" ay idyomang nangangahulugang walang ginagawa o walang trabaho, karaniwang sinasabi tungkol sa taong tambay. Hindi ito literal na pagbilang ng poste ng kuryente. Ang kahulugan ay idyomatiko at hindi mahihinuha nang tiyakan mula sa mga salitang bumubuo nito.

Question 13Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Which sentence uses the passive voice appropriately for the given situation: reporting a scientific finding where the doer is unknown or unimportant?

  1. The new compound discovered researchers in 2019.
  2. Researchers discovered the new compound in 2019.
  3. The new compound was discovered in 2019. Correct answer.
  4. In 2019, discovering the new compound happened.

Explanation

The passive voice is appropriate when the agent is unknown or irrelevant to the focus of the sentence. "The new compound was discovered in 2019" keeps attention on the finding rather than on who made it. The other options either use active voice or are grammatically faulty.

Question 14Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Sa pangungusap na "Ang mga mag-aaral na nagpulong kahapon ay nagpasyang maglunsad ng proyekto," anong uri ng sugnay ang "na nagpulong kahapon"?

  1. sugnay na pangngalan
  2. sugnay na pang-abay na pamanahon
  3. sugnay na makapag-iisa
  4. sugnay na di-makapag-iisa Correct answer.

Explanation

Ang "na nagpulong kahapon" ay sugnay na di-makapag-iisa dahil hindi ito makatayo nang mag-isa bilang pangungusap. Gumaganap itong pang-uring naglalarawan sa "mga mag-aaral." Ang buong pangungusap ay may pangunahing sugnay na "ang mga mag-aaral ay nagpasyang maglunsad ng proyekto."

Question 15Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Identify the sentence that contains a faulty parallelism and needs revision.

  1. The job requires patience, accuracy, and to work under pressure. Correct answer.
  2. She enjoys reading novels, hiking mountains, and painting portraits.
  3. He spoke clearly, calmly, and confidently during the debate.
  4. The plan is practical, affordable, and sustainable.

Explanation

Parallel structure requires items in a series to share the same grammatical form. In "patience, accuracy, and to work under pressure," two nouns are followed by an infinitive phrase, breaking the pattern. The other sentences keep all items in matching forms.

Question 16Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Alin ang wastong salin sa Filipino ng "The deadline was moved to next week"?

  1. Ang pasahan ay maglilipat sa susunod na linggo.
  2. Ang pasahan ay ililipat sa susunod na linggo.
  3. Ang pasahan ay inilipat ng susunod na linggo.
  4. Ang pasahan ay inilipat sa susunod na linggo. Correct answer.

Explanation

Ang orihinal na pangungusap ay nasa tinig na balintiyak at nagsasaad ng kilos na natapos na, kaya ang angkop na salin ay "inilipat" na nasa aspektong naganap. Ang "ililipat" ay nasa hinaharap at binabago ang kahulugan. Tama rin ang pang-ukol na "sa" para sa patutunguhang panahon.

Question 17Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Which conjunction best completes the sentence: "The experiment failed twice; ___, the team refined its method and tried again"?

  1. because
  2. meanwhile
  3. therefore
  4. nevertheless Correct answer.

Explanation

The second clause contrasts with the setback of failing twice, so a concessive connector like "nevertheless" is needed. It signals that the team acted despite the failure. "Therefore" would wrongly suggest the failure caused the refinement, and "because" would reverse the logical relation.

Question 18Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Sa pagbuo ng isang pormal na liham-pangangalakal, alin ang pinakaangkop na panimula?

  1. Uy, kamusta ka na? Gusto ko lang sabihin na...
  2. Hoy Ginoong Santos, makinig ka muna.
  3. Minamahal naming Ginoong Santos, Correct answer.
  4. Ginoo, alam mo naman siguro ang tungkol dito...

Explanation

Ang liham-pangangalakal ay nangangailangan ng pormal at magalang na bating panimula. Ang "Minamahal naming Ginoong Santos" ay angkop na pormal na bati na may tamang pamagat at pangalan. Ang mga impormal o bastos na panimula ay hindi bagay sa ganitong uri ng sulatin.

Question 19Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

A student writes: "The results of the survey was surprising to the researchers." What is the grammatical error, and what is the corrected sentence?

  1. Error in pronoun agreement; correct to "The results of the survey was surprising to them."
  2. No error; the sentence is grammatically correct.
  3. Error in subject-verb agreement; correct to "The results of the survey were surprising to the researchers." Correct answer.
  4. Error in tense consistency; correct to "The results of the survey is surprising to the researchers."

Explanation

The grammatical subject is "results," which is plural, while "of the survey" is only a prepositional phrase modifying it. The verb must therefore be the plural "were," not the singular "was." The intervening phrase should not mislead the writer into singular agreement.

Question 20Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Alin sa mga sumusunod ang nagpapakita ng wastong paggamit ng gitling sa salitang inuulit?

  1. arawaraw
  2. araw/araw
  3. araw-araw Correct answer.
  4. araw araw

Explanation

Kapag ang buong salita ay inuulit, inilalagay ang gitling sa pagitan ng dalawang bahagi, kaya "araw-araw" ang wastong anyo. Ang gitling ay naghihiwalay sa inuulit na salita upang maging malinaw ang pagbasa. Ang pagsasama nang walang gitling ay maling baybay.

Question 21Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Which statement about connotation is accurate?

  1. Connotation refers only to the pronunciation of a word.
  2. Connotation is the dictionary meaning of a word shared by all speakers.
  3. Connotation is the grammatical function of a word in a sentence.
  4. Connotation is the emotional or cultural association a word carries beyond its literal meaning. Correct answer.

Explanation

Connotation covers the feelings, attitudes, and cultural associations attached to a word, which may differ from its denotation. For example, "slender" and "skinny" share a basic meaning but carry different connotations. Denotation, pronunciation, and grammar are separate concepts.

Question 22Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Read the sentence: "The senator's remarks were carefully hedged, leaving the audience unsure of his actual position." The word "hedged" most nearly means:

  1. supported with strong evidence
  2. repeated several times
  3. delivered with anger
  4. spoken with deliberate ambiguity Correct answer.

Explanation

In this context, "hedged" describes language that avoids commitment, which matches the audience's uncertainty about the senator's real position. The clue "leaving the audience unsure" confirms the meaning of deliberate ambiguity. Hedging is a rhetorical strategy of qualifying statements to avoid being pinned down.

Question 23Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Isang mananaliksik ang nagsabing "ang wika ay buhay." Alin ang pinakaangkop na paliwanag sa metaporang ito?

  1. Ang wika ay nagbabago, umuunlad, at namamatayan ng mga salita sa paglipas ng panahon. Correct answer.
  2. Ang wika ay may sariling sistema ng paghinga.
  3. Ang wika ay may mga salitang tumutukoy sa mga hayop at halaman.
  4. Ang wika ay kailangang gamitin lamang ng mga buhay na tao.

Explanation

Ang paghahambing ng wika sa isang bagay na buhay ay metapora para sa pagbabago at pag-unlad nito sa paglipas ng panahon. Lumilitaw ang mga bagong salita, nagbabago ang kahulugan, at nawawala ang ilang lumang termino. Hindi ito literal na paghinga o pagtukoy sa hayop at halaman.

Question 24Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

In academic writing, which sentence avoids both a logical fallacy and an unsupported generalization?

  1. If you disagree with online classes, you must hate technology.
  2. Because most students lack reliable internet access, online classes may disadvantage low-income learners. Correct answer.
  3. Everyone knows that online classes are better than face-to-face classes.
  4. Online classes are bad because my cousin failed one.

Explanation

This sentence offers a specific reason and qualifies its claim with "may," avoiding an overgeneralization. It ties the conclusion to a stated condition rather than to popular opinion or anecdote. The other options rely on bandwagon appeal, hasty generalization, or a false dilemma.

Question 25Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Suriin ang pangungusap: "Bagama't mahirap ang pagsusulit, nakapasa pa rin siya nang may mataas na marka." Anong ugnayang lohikal ang isinasaad ng "bagama't"?

  1. pagkakasunod-sunod ng panahon
  2. sanhi at bunga
  3. pagdaragdag ng impormasyon
  4. pagsalungat o kontrast Correct answer.

Explanation

Ang "bagama't" ay pangatnig na nagpapakilala ng pagsalungat sa pagitan ng dalawang ideya. Ipinapakita nito na ang hirap ng pagsusulit ay hindi humadlang sa pagpasa ng estudyante. Hindi ito nagsasaad ng sanhi, pagkakasunod-sunod, o pagdaragdag.

Question 26Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Aling salita ang may diin sa ikalawang pantig at ginagamit bilang pangngalang tumutukoy sa lugar sa pangungusap na "Pumunta siya sa palengke upang bumili ng sariwang isda"?

  1. bumili
  2. isda
  3. sariwang
  4. palengke Correct answer.

Explanation

Ang "palengke" ay pangngalan na tumutukoy sa lugar na pinuntahan ng paksa. Ang diin nito ay nasa ikalawang pantig (pa-LENG-ke), kaya natutugunan nito ang parehong hinihingi: tamang diin at pangngalang tumutukoy sa lugar.

Question 27Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Which word in the sentence "The committee reached a unanimous decision after lengthy deliberation" functions as an adverb?

  1. lengthy
  2. after Correct answer.
  3. reached
  4. unanimous

Explanation

"After" introduces the prepositional phrase "after lengthy deliberation," which modifies the verb "reached" by indicating time. Prepositional phrases functioning this way act adverbially.

Question 28Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Alin sa mga sumusunod na pangungusap ang may wastong pagkakasulat ng "raw" at "daw" ayon sa tuntunin ng Filipino?

  1. Sabi niya raw ay darating siya bukas.
  2. Sabi niya daw, "Darating ako bukas." Correct answer.
  3. Sabi niya daw ay darating siya bukas.
  4. Sabi niya raw, "Darating ako bukas."

Explanation

Ang "daw" ay ginagamit kapag ang sinusundang salita ay nagtatapos sa patinig o malapatinig, gaya ng "niya." Kaya ang tamang anyo sa pangungusap na ito ay "daw," at ang direktang sinipi ay nangangailangan ng panipi at kuwit.

Question 29Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

In the sentence "Neither the students nor the teacher was informed about the schedule change," which grammatical principle explains the singular verb "was"?

  1. Proximity rule: the verb agrees with the nearer subject "teacher." Correct answer.
  2. The verb should actually be plural because of "students."
  3. Collective noun rule: "students" is treated as singular.
  4. Notional agreement: the meaning of the sentence overrides form.

Explanation

With correlative conjunctions like "neither...nor," the verb agrees with the subject closest to it. Since "teacher" is nearer to the verb and is singular, "was" is correct.

Question 30Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Alin ang pinakaangkop na salitang pumupuno sa patlang: "___ ang mga mag-aaral na dumalo sa seminar, kaya puno ang bulwagan."

  1. Maraming
  2. Sapat
  3. Ilan
  4. Marami Correct answer.

Explanation

Ang "marami" ay ginagamit bilang panaguri na nagsasaad ng dami ng paksa, at ang paksa ay "ang mga mag-aaral." Kapag panaguri, hindi ito nangangailangan ng panandang "-ng" dahil hindi ito naglalarawan ng pangngalan sa loob ng parirala.

Question 31Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Which sentence correctly uses "affect" as a verb and "effect" as a noun?

  1. The new policy will affect the way students enroll. Correct answer.
  2. The new policy will have an affect on enrollment.
  3. The new policy will effect the way students enroll.
  4. The new policy's affect on enrollment was an effect change.

Explanation

"Affect" as a verb means to influence, while "effect" as a noun means a result. Only the second sentence uses "affect" correctly as a verb meaning "influence."

Question 32Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Sa pangungusap na "Ipinagbigay-alam ng guro sa mga magulang ang resulta ng pagsusulit," ano ang ginamit na pokus ng pandiwa?

  1. Pokus sa kagamitan
  2. Pokus sa layon
  3. Pokus sa ganapan
  4. Pokus sa tagatanggap Correct answer.

Explanation

Ang pandiwang "ipinagbigay-alam" ay may panlaping "ipag-" na nagpapakita ng pokus sa tagatanggap, dahil ang "mga magulang" ang tumatanggap ng kilos. Ito ang pokus na nagbibigay-diin sa taong pinag-ukulan ng kilos.

Question 33Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Which word in the sentence "The scientist's hypothesis, though plausible, lacked sufficient evidence" carries the strongest negative connotation?

  1. sufficient
  2. plausible
  3. hypothesis
  4. lacked Correct answer.

Explanation

"Lacked" carries a negative connotation because it signals a deficiency or absence of something needed. The other words are neutral or positive in tone.

Question 34Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Aling pangungusap ang may wastong gamit ng "may" at "mayroon"?

  1. Mayroon siyang bagong aklat na binabasa. Correct answer.
  2. May siyang bagong aklat na binabasa.
  3. May bagong aklat mayroon siyang binabasa.
  4. Mayroon bagong aklat na binabasa siya.

Explanation

Ang "mayroon" ay ginagamit kapag ito lamang ang panaguri o kapag sinusundan ng panghalip gaya ng "siya," samantalang ang "may" ay karaniwang sinusundan agad ng pangngalan. Sa unang pangungusap, ang "mayroon" ay sinusundan ng "siyang," kaya wasto ito.

Question 35Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Read the sentence: "The prosecutor's argument, however forceful, rested on circumstantial evidence." What does the concessive phrase "however forceful" signal about the argument?

  1. The argument is forceful, and this strengthens its conclusion.
  2. The argument's force is the only reason it is accepted.
  3. The argument is forceful, but that force does not guarantee its soundness. Correct answer.
  4. The argument is not forceful at all.

Explanation

A concessive construction with "however" concedes a point while limiting its significance. It acknowledges the argument's force but implies that force alone does not establish the conclusion's validity.

Question 36Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Alin sa mga sumusunod ang wastong salin sa Filipino ng "The research findings were inconclusive"?

  1. Ang mga natuklasan sa pananaliksik ay hindi tiyak. Correct answer.
  2. Ang mga natuklasan sa pananaliksik ay tiyak.
  3. Ang pananaliksik ay natuklasan na hindi tiyak.
  4. Natuklasan ng pananaliksik ang kawalang-tiyak.

Explanation

Ang "inconclusive" ay nangangahulugang "hindi tiyak" o walang malinaw na kongklusyon. Ang unang opsyon ay tapat na naglilipat ng kahulugan at pinapanatili ang paksang "mga natuklasan sa pananaliksik."

Question 37Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Which sentence correctly uses a colon according to standard English usage?

  1. The team needed: funding, staffing, and time.
  2. The team needed three things: funding, staffing, and time. Correct answer.
  3. The team needed three things; funding, staffing, and time.
  4. The team needed three things, funding, staffing, and time.

Explanation

A colon introduces a list after an independent clause that is complete in itself. "The team needed three things" is a full clause, so the colon correctly precedes the enumerated items.

Question 38Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Sa pangungusap na "Ang mga estudyanteng nagtapos nang may karangalan ay pinarangalan ng paaralan," ano ang tungkulin ng pariralang "nang may karangalan"?

  1. Pang-abay na naglalarawan sa pandiwang "nagtapos" Correct answer.
  2. Pang-uri na naglalarawan sa "estudyante"
  3. Pangngalang pantangi na paksa ng pangungusap
  4. Pangatnig na nag-uugnay ng dalawang sugnay

Explanation

Ang pariralang "nang may karangalan" ay nagsasaad ng paraan ng pagtatapos, kaya ito ay pang-abay na pamanagway na naglalarawan sa pandiwang "nagtapos." Hindi ito naglalarawan sa pangngalan kundi sa kilos.

Question 39Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

A student writes: "Each of the participants were given a questionnaire." Which revision corrects the agreement error while preserving meaning?

  1. Each of the participants are given a questionnaire.
  2. Each of the participants have been given a questionnaire.
  3. Each of the participants was given a questionnaire. Correct answer.
  4. Each of the participant were given a questionnaire.

Explanation

The indefinite pronoun "each" is singular, so it takes a singular verb regardless of the plural object of "of." Changing "were" to "was" restores agreement.

Question 40Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Alin sa mga sumusunod na pangungusap ang may wastong paggamit ng "subali't" bilang pangatnig na nagpapahayag ng pagtutol?

  1. Subali't mataas ang marka ni Ana dahil kulang ang kanyang attendance.
  2. Mataas ang marka ni Ana at subali't kulang ang kanyang attendance.
  3. Mataas ang marka ni Ana subali't mataas din ang kanyang attendance.
  4. Mataas ang marka ni Ana subali't kulang ang kanyang attendance. Correct answer.

Explanation

Ang "subali't" ay pangatnig na naghahayag ng pagtutol o kontrasyon sa pagitan ng dalawang magkasalungat na ideya. Sa unang pangungusap, magkasalungat ang mataas na marka at kulang na attendance, kaya angkop ang paggamit.

Question 41Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Which sentence demonstrates correct use of a gerund phrase as the subject of a sentence?

  1. Reading historical novels, vocabulary improves.
  2. Read historical novels to improve vocabulary.
  3. Reading historical novels improves vocabulary. Correct answer.
  4. To read historical novels improves vocabulary.

Explanation

A gerund is a verb ending in -ing used as a noun. In the first sentence, "Reading historical novels" functions as the subject and takes the singular verb "improves."

Question 42Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Sa liham-pangangalakal, alin ang pinakaangkop na pambungad na pangungusap na nagpapakilala ng layunin ng sumusulat?

  1. Ako po ay sumusulat upang hingin ang inyong pahintulot na makapanayam ang inyong kawani. Correct answer.
  2. Kamusta po kayo diyan? Sana ay nasa mabuti kayong kalagayan.
  3. Sumusulat po ako sa inyo.
  4. Nais ko pong magtanong tungkol sa isang bagay.

Explanation

Ang epektibong pambungad sa liham-pangangalakal ay malinaw na nagsasaad ng layunin ng liham sa unang pangungusap. Ang unang opsyon ay tahasang nagsasabi ng kahilingan at nagpapakilala ng partikular na layunin.

Question 43Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Identify the sentence in which the modifier "only" is placed to mean that no one other than the researcher performed the analysis.

  1. The researcher only analyzed the data.
  2. The researcher analyzed only the data.
  3. The researcher analyzed the data only.
  4. Only the researcher analyzed the data. Correct answer.

Explanation

The limiting word "only" should be placed immediately before the element it restricts. Placing it before "the researcher" restricts the agent, meaning no one else did the analyzing.

Question 44Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Alin ang tamang anyo ng pandiwa sa pangungusap na "Kung ___ ako ng mas maraming oras kahapon, natapos ko sana ang proyekto"?

  1. nagkaroon Correct answer.
  2. nagkakaroon
  3. magkakaroon
  4. magkaroon

Explanation

Ang pangungusap ay may di-totoong kondisyon sa nakaraan, kaya ginagamit ang aspektong naganap na "nagkaroon." Ito ang anyong pandiwa na angkop sa kontrafaktwal na kondisyon sa panahong nakalipas.

Question 45Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

In the sentence "The report, which was submitted late, was rejected, and the author was notified," what is the function of the comma before "and"?

  1. It marks a parenthetical interjection.
  2. It separates items in a series.
  3. It separates two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction. Correct answer.
  4. It introduces a nonrestrictive relative clause.

Explanation

The comma before "and" separates two independent clauses: "The report...was rejected" and "the author was notified." In compound sentences, a comma precedes the coordinating conjunction.

Question 46Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Suriin ang pahayag: "Ang wikang Filipino ay hindi lamang kasangkapan sa komunikasyon kundi salamin din ng kultura at kasaysayan ng bayan." Alin ang pinakamalinaw na paglalahad ng tesis na ito?

  1. Ang kultura ay nakasalalay lamang sa wikang Filipino.
  2. Ang kasaysayan ng bayan ay walang kaugnayan sa wika.
  3. Ang wika ay paraan lamang ng pakikipag-usap ng mga tao.
  4. Ang wika ay nagpapakita ng kultura at kasaysayan ng isang bayan bukod sa gamit nito sa komunikasyon. Correct answer.

Explanation

Ang orihinal na pahayag ay nagsasaad ng dalawang tungkulin ng wika: kasangkapan sa komunikasyon at salamin ng kultura at kasaysayan. Ang unang opsyon ay tapat na naglalahad ng dalawang aspektong ito.

Question 47Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

A writer wants to revise "The study's conclusions, which were based on a small sample, may not be generalizable, but they are suggestive" to eliminate the redundancy of "but they are suggestive" while preserving the contrast. Which revision best achieves this?

  1. The study's conclusions were based on a small sample and may not be generalizable, but suggestive.
  2. Although based on a small sample, the study's conclusions may not be generalizable but remain suggestive.
  3. The study's conclusions, based on a small sample, may not be generalizable; nevertheless, they are suggestive. Correct answer.
  4. Based on a small sample, the study's conclusions may not be generalizable but are suggestive.

Explanation

Replacing the comma-plus-"but" with a semicolon and "nevertheless" preserves the contrast while tightening the connection between the two independent clauses. It avoids the awkward repetition and keeps the concessive logic clear.

Question 48Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Sa pagsusuri ng isang tekstong argumentatibo, alin ang pinakamalakas na ebidensiyang sumusuporta sa pahayag na "dapat dagdagan ang badyet ng pampublikong aklatan"?

  1. Dokumentadong datos na nagpapakita ng pagtaas ng bilang ng gumagamit ng aklatan nang hindi tumataas ang badyet nito sa loob ng limang taon Correct answer.
  2. Pahayag na "mahalaga ang aklatan" na walang pinagbatayan
  3. Opinyon ng isang sikat na personalidad na mahilig magbasa
  4. Isang anekdota tungkol sa isang mag-aaral na minsang pumunta sa aklatan

Explanation

Ang pinakamalakas na ebidensiya sa argumento ay ang dokumentadong datos na nag-uugnay sa pagtaas ng pangangailangan at sa hindi pagbabago ng badyet. Ito ay may kaugnayan, napapatunayan, at direktang sumusuporta sa konklusyon.

Question 49Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Read the passage: "The committee's recommendation was neither unanimous nor binding, yet the administration adopted it without further review." Which inference is best supported by the passage?

  1. The administration rejected the committee's recommendation.
  2. The committee's recommendation was legally required to be adopted.
  3. The administration may have acted without adequate deliberation. Correct answer.
  4. The committee reached its decision unanimously.

Explanation

The passage states the recommendation was not unanimous and not binding, yet it was adopted without further review. This supports the inference that the administration may have acted without adequate deliberation.

Question 50Language Proficiency (in English and Filipino)

Alin sa mga sumusunod na pangungusap ang may pinakamalinaw at lohikal na pagkakasunod-sunod ng mga ideya sa isang tekstong nagpapaliwanag ng sanhi at bunga?

  1. Bumaba ang bilang ng mga puno, at tumaas ang temperatura, at dumami ang sakit sa paghinga.
  2. Dahil sa pagbaba ng bilang ng mga puno, tumaas ang temperatura sa lungsod; bunga nito, dumami ang kaso ng sakit sa paghinga. Correct answer.
  3. Dumami ang kaso ng sakit sa paghinga dahil tumaas ang temperatura, at bumaba ang bilang ng mga puno.
  4. Tumaas ang temperatura sa lungsod dahil sa pagbaba ng bilang ng mga puno, at dumami ang kaso ng sakit sa paghinga bunga nito.

Explanation

Ang unang pangungusap ay may malinaw na tanikala ng sanhi at bunga: pagbaba ng puno → pagtaas ng temperatura → pagdami ng sakit. Ginagamit nito ang "dahil sa" at "bunga nito" upang tahasang ipakita ang ugnayan.