Pre-Trip Inspection, Vehicle Roadworthiness and Defect Reporting
What the exam tests
This domain tests a systematic walk-around inspection, recognition of out-of-service defects, and the paperwork that proves a defect was reported and repaired. The examiner looks for critical-item knowledge, not a vague "check the truck".
Core inspection sequence
- Start with paperwork: previous defect reports, maintenance due, load documentation and permits.
- Walk the combination once, checking lights and reflectors, tyres and wheels, mudguards, body panels, coupling, air and electrical lines, load security and leaks under the vehicle.
- Tyres: check tread depth against the legal minimum, cuts exposing cords, bulges, embedded objects, mismatched duals and correct inflation.
- Wheels: look for cracked rims, loose or missing nuts, rust streaks and oil leaks.
- Brakes and air: drain moisture, check compressor build-up, listen for leaks, confirm low-pressure warning and spring-brake operation.
- Steering, suspension, fifth wheel and kingpin: check for excessive play, cracked springs, missing U-bolts and secure locking jaws.
- Record every defect, report it to the operator, and do not dispatch a vehicle with a defect that affects safe operation.
Worked example
During the walk-around you find a front tyre sidewall cut deep enough to expose cord. Reasoning: exposed cord is structural damage, not cosmetic. The tyre can fail under load or heat, so the vehicle is unroadworthy until the wheel is changed. You record the defect, notify the dispatcher, and arrange replacement before moving.
Traps
- Checking only the driver's side or only the tractor.
- Trusting the previous driver's inspection instead of doing your own.
- Recording a defect verbally but not in the required written or electronic record.
- Passing a tyre with a bulge because tread depth is legal.