Abstract Reasoning: State the Rule, Then Test It
Abstract Reasoning
The Abstract Reasoning portion measures pattern detection, sequence completion, matrix logic, and spatial transformation without relying on verbal knowledge. The key is to state a rule, test it on every item, and only then choose.
Core rules
- Number series: check differences, ratios, alternating subsequences, squares/cubes, and combined operations.
- Figure series: track rotation (clockwise/counterclockwise), reflection, translation, shading, size, and the number of sides or elements.
- Matrices: test rules across rows and down columns; a rule must hold consistently, not just for one line.
- Spatial reasoning: distinguish mirror images from rotations; a 90° rotation changes orientation, a reflection reverses handedness.
- Count carefully: elements, intersections, enclosed regions, and line segments often follow a simple progression.
Worked example
Find the next term: 2, 6, 12, 20, __. Differences: 4, 6, 8. The differences increase by 2, so the next difference is 10. 20 + 10 = 30. The terms also fit n(n + 1): 1×2, 2×3, 3×4, 4×5, 5×6 = 30.
Traps
- Assuming one rule before checking alternation (e.g., every other term follows a separate pattern).
- Confusing a reflection with a rotation, especially in asymmetric figures.
- Miscounting sides or shaded regions under time pressure.
- Forcing a complex rule when a simpler one fits all given items.