Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry
What this domain tests
This domain tests growth and development, malocclusion assessment, interceptive orthodontics, behavior management, pediatric restorative care, and dental trauma in children. Questions often ask whether to intervene now or monitor.
Core rules and concepts
- Skeletal class I, II, and III relationships differ from dental class I, II, and III malocclusions. Treatment planning considers growth status, airway, habits, and dental development.
- Primary dentition guides eruption and arch development. Primate spaces and leeway space provide room for permanent teeth.
- Interceptive orthodontics can correct functional shifts, crossbites, and harmful habits. Extracting primary teeth without space analysis can worsen crowding.
- Behavior management includes tell-show-do, positive reinforcement, and parental involvement. A child with pain needs analgesia appropriate for age; aspirin is avoided because of Reye syndrome risk.
- Pediatric restorative options include fluoride varnish, sealants, glass ionomer, composite, pulpotomy, pulpectomy, and stainless steel crowns.
- Avulsed permanent teeth need prompt replantation, appropriate storage, and splinting. Primary tooth trauma requires assessment for intrusion and damage to the permanent successor.
Worked example
An 8-year-old has an anterior crossbite with a functional shift on closure. The reasoning is to assess whether the crossbite is dental or skeletal and whether there is a mandibular shift. If a functional shift is present, interceptive correction can remove the interference and guide eruption; extracting permanent teeth early without analysis would be inappropriate.
Traps that cost marks
Do not extract primary canines simply to make space without arch analysis. Do not confuse leeway space with primate spaces. Ignore airway and habits at your peril. Avoid aspirin for pediatric pain. Also check for supernumerary teeth before assuming delayed eruption is simple.