Orthopedic Board

American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) Examination

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About this exam

The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) is the certifying body for orthopaedic surgeons in the United States, and its examination process is the route by which a surgeon becomes a board-certified Diplomate. Certification is a two-stage sequence. Part I is the written examination taken by candidates who have completed orthopaedic residency training; Part II is the oral examination taken later, after the surgeon has been in independent practice, and it is built around the candidate's own submitted case list and reviewed under a published scoring rubric. The ABOS also maintains continuing certification for existing Diplomates, along with subspecialty certification in Surgery of the Hand and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. Because the ABOS publishes detailed rules, blueprints, calendars, fee schedules, and examination statistics on its own site, candidates should treat those official pages as the authoritative source for current specifications rather than secondary summaries. Effective preparation means working from the Part I blueprint to identify high-yield content areas, drilling discipline-based material under timed conditions, and, for Part II, keeping meticulous operative records so that a compliant and representative case list can be assembled well before the application deadline.

What you'll study

Common questions

About Orthopedic Board preparation

What is the difference between Part I and Part II?

Part I is the written examination that follows residency completion. Part II is an oral examination taken after the surgeon has been in practice, and it centers on a case list the candidate submits in advance. They are separate applications with separate calendars, fees, and rules, so plan each stage independently.

How many questions are on Part I and how long is it?

The ABOS publishes the current item count and timing in its Part I Blueprint, Rules and Procedures, and Accommodations timing pages. Those figures are revised periodically, so confirm them on the official ABOS site before you build a timed practice schedule rather than relying on numbers from older study material.

What score do I need to pass?

Passing standards are set by the ABOS and are not fixed public percentages; the board publishes examination statistics separately from the rules documents. Check the current Examination Statistics page for Part I and Part II rather than assuming a universal cut score carried over from prior years.

How much does the exam cost?

Fees differ by examination and are listed on separate ABOS fee pages for Part I, Part II, continuing certification, and each subspecialty. Fees are updated over time, so verify the current amount on the official page for your specific examination before submitting an application.

If I fail, can I retake it?

Retake eligibility, waiting periods, and any limits on attempts are governed by the ABOS Rules and Procedures for that examination, not by a general policy. Read the current rules document for the specific exam and confirm your status with the board before reapplying.

What should I study first for Part I?

Start with the Part I Blueprint, which describes how content is weighted across orthopaedic domains. Allocate study time in proportion to those weights rather than to personal comfort areas, then use timed question blocks to expose weak domains early enough to revisit them.

What causes most Part II failures?

Case list problems are a frequent and avoidable risk: including procedures the ABOS excludes, submitting a list that is not representative of your practice, or having incomplete documentation. Read the Case List Instructions and the Procedures Not To Include page before you start collecting cases.

How early should I begin the Part II case list?

Begin at the start of your collection window, not at the application deadline. Case lists require CPT codes, and the ABOS publishes a CPT code reference plus a sample scribe sheet. Tracking cases contemporaneously prevents gaps that cannot be reconstructed later.

Does the ABOS offer testing accommodations?

Yes. Each examination has a dedicated Accommodations page, and Part I, Part II, continuing certification, and the subspecialties each publish their own timing information. Accommodation requests generally follow a defined process and deadline, so review the relevant page well in advance.

Is subspecialty certification separate from general certification?

Yes. Surgery of the Hand and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine are distinct ABOS subspecialty credentials, each with its own rules, application instructions, fees, calendar, case list requirements, and examination statistics. General certification does not automatically confer either subspecialty certificate.