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TOGAF Enterprise Architecture study materials
TOGAF Enterprise Architecture study resources

TOGAF Enterprise Architecture practice questions

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Question 1Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

Within the TOGAF ADM, which element sits at the centre of the cycle and handles architecture requirements throughout?

  1. Requirements Management Correct answer.
  2. Architecture Vision
  3. Architecture Change Management
  4. Preliminary Phase

Explanation

Requirements Management occupies the centre of the ADM. It has no phase-to-phase boundary, and its outputs feed every phase of the cycle. Requirements are stored, updated and dispatched to whichever phase needs them.

Question 2Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

Which ADM phase concludes with the sponsor approving a Statement of Architecture Work?

  1. Phase B
  2. Phase A Correct answer.
  3. Phase C
  4. Phase E

Explanation

Phase A develops the Architecture Vision and defines scope, stakeholders and constraints. At the end of the phase the Statement of Architecture Work is approved, which authorizes the work to proceed. Later phases assume that this approval already exists.

Question 3Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

Which ADM phase produces the Implementation and Migration Plan?

  1. Phase F Correct answer.
  2. Phase E
  3. Phase G
  4. Phase H

Explanation

Phase F, Migration Planning, finalizes the Implementation and Migration Plan by sequencing work packages and coordinating them with the organization's portfolio and project management. Phase E identifies the work packages that Phase F then schedules.

Question 4Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

Which set correctly lists the four architecture domains addressed by the TOGAF ADM?

  1. Business, Data, Application, Technology Correct answer.
  2. Strategy, Business, Data, Technology
  3. Business, Process, Application, Technology
  4. Business, Data, Application, Security

Explanation

The ADM develops Business Architecture (Phase B), Information Systems Architectures, split into Data and Application (Phase C), and Technology Architecture (Phase D). Strategy, process and security are handled within these domains rather than as separate domains.

Question 5Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

What is the principal purpose of the Preliminary Phase?

  1. To prepare the enterprise and establish the architecture capability Correct answer.
  2. To prioritize the work packages that will deliver the target architecture
  3. To govern the implementation of the architecture
  4. To build and approve the Architecture Vision

Explanation

The Preliminary Phase answers where, what, why, who and how architecture work will be done. It establishes architecture principles, tailors the framework and sets up the architecture capability before any ADM cycle begins.

Question 6Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

The acronym ADM refers to which core element of the TOGAF standard?

  1. Architecture Delivery Model
  2. Architecture Decision Matrix
  3. Architecture Development Method Correct answer.
  4. Architecture Domain Model

Explanation

The Architecture Development Method is the core of the TOGAF standard: a step-by-step, cyclic process for developing and managing an enterprise architecture. It runs from the Preliminary Phase through Phases A to H with Requirements Management at the centre.

Question 7Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

The Enterprise Continuum is composed of which two continua?

  1. Strategic Continuum and Capability Continuum
  2. Business Continuum and Technology Continuum
  3. Reference Continuum and Standards Continuum
  4. Architecture Continuum and Solutions Continuum Correct answer.

Explanation

The Enterprise Continuum groups the Architecture Continuum and the Solutions Continuum. The Architecture Continuum holds architectural guidance from generic to organization-specific, while the Solutions Continuum holds the corresponding implemented solutions.

Question 8Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

Which body develops and maintains the TOGAF standard?

  1. ISO/IEC JTC 1
  2. OASIS
  3. The Open Group Correct answer.
  4. IEEE Computer Society

Explanation

TOGAF is an Open Group standard, developed and maintained through The Open Group Architecture Forum. Other bodies publish related standards but do not own TOGAF.

Question 9Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

Which ADM phase consolidates the gaps found in earlier phases into work packages and groups them into candidate transition architectures?

  1. Phase D
  2. Phase E Correct answer.
  3. Phase F
  4. Phase G

Explanation

Phase E, Opportunities and Solutions, reviews the gap analysis results and consolidates the changes into work packages. It then groups these into transitional architectures that can deliver the target in manageable steps.

Question 10Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

The main purpose of Phase G, Implementation Governance, is to:

  1. assess the readiness of the business to accept change
  2. govern implementation projects so they conform to the architecture Correct answer.
  3. identify the stakeholders and their concerns
  4. define the enterprise architecture principles for the whole organization

Explanation

Phase G establishes architecture contracts with implementation projects and performs architecture compliance reviews. Its focus is conformance of delivery to the agreed target architecture.

Question 11Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

An architecture change request is raised after the solution has been deployed. Which ADM phase is responsible for handling it and deciding whether the architecture must change?

  1. Phase A
  2. Requirements Management
  3. Phase H Correct answer.
  4. Phase F

Explanation

Phase H, Architecture Change Management, monitors the deployed architecture, assesses change requests and decides whether to simplify, maintain or re-enter the ADM. It is the phase that closes the loop after implementation.

Question 12Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

Phase C, Information Systems Architectures, is normally developed as which two architectures?

  1. Security Architecture and Data Architecture
  2. Application Architecture and Technology Architecture
  3. Data Architecture and Application Architecture Correct answer.
  4. Business Architecture and Data Architecture

Explanation

Phase C covers the information systems domain, which TOGAF splits into Data Architecture and Application Architecture. Business Architecture belongs to Phase B and Technology Architecture to Phase D.

Question 13Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

Which of the following is one of the components of the Architecture Repository as defined by the TOGAF standard?

  1. Governance Log Correct answer.
  2. Project Plan
  3. RACI Matrix
  4. Business Case

Explanation

The Architecture Repository includes the Architecture Metamodel, Architecture Capability, Architecture Landscape, Standards Information Base, Reference Library and Governance Log. The Governance Log records governance decisions and their outcomes.

Question 14Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

The Architecture Landscape held in the Architecture Repository is commonly organized into which three levels?

  1. Baseline, Transition, Target
  2. Strategic, Segment, Capability Correct answer.
  3. Conceptual, Logical, Physical
  4. Enterprise, Divisional, Team

Explanation

TOGAF describes the Architecture Landscape as ranging from a summary strategic level, through segment architectures, down to detailed capability architectures. The level chosen depends on the scope and purpose of the architecture work.

Question 15Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

Which set lists the criteria the TOGAF standard uses to assess the quality of a set of architecture principles?

  1. Understandable, robust, complete, consistent, stable Correct answer.
  2. Scalability, availability, maintainability, security
  3. Reusable, portable, interoperable, modular
  4. Specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, time-bound

Explanation

TOGAF states that a good set of principles should be understandable, robust, complete, consistent and stable. These criteria judge the principle set itself, not the systems it governs.

Question 16Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

Which statement best describes iteration in the ADM?

  1. Iteration is possible only between Phases B and C
  2. Iteration is possible only within a single ADM phase
  3. Within a phase, between phases, and around the whole cycle Correct answer.
  4. Iteration is possible only after the full ADM cycle has run

Explanation

The ADM is explicitly iterative at several levels: a team may loop within a phase, revisit earlier phases as understanding grows, or run the complete cycle again for a new architecture project. Drivers include requirements changes, scope changes and stakeholder feedback.

Question 17Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

What does the Architecture Content Framework primarily describe?

  1. A structured model of deliverables, artifacts and building blocks Correct answer.
  2. The set of reference models that the enterprise may reuse
  3. The rules by which the Architecture Board approves dispensations
  4. The contractual relationship between the architecture function and delivery projects

Explanation

The Architecture Content Framework provides a structured model of the work products produced during the ADM. It categorizes them as deliverables, artifacts and building blocks so that outputs are consistent and reusable.

Question 18Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

An Architecture Building Block (ABB) is best described as:

  1. A deployed, product-specific component that can be procured
  2. a catalog of standards approved for use in the enterprise
  3. a technology-neutral description of a required capability Correct answer.
  4. a contract governing the delivery of an architecture project

Explanation

An ABB captures a capability the architecture needs, described without committing to a specific product or technology. The corresponding Solution Building Block realizes that capability with concrete products and components.

Question 19Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

Which activity belongs to Phase F, Migration Planning?

  1. Establishing the Architecture Board and its terms of reference
  2. Prioritizing migration projects and producing the migration plan Correct answer.
  3. Determining the stakeholder concerns that the architecture must address
  4. Approving the Statement of Architecture Work

Explanation

Phase F performs cost, benefit and dependency analysis on the work packages and sequences them into a phased migration plan. The plan is then coordinated with the organization's portfolio and project management.

Question 20Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

How is the TOGAF 10 standard structured at its highest level?

  1. Into a certification syllabus and a reference card
  2. Into four architecture domains plus a glossary
  3. Into an ADM guide and an architecture repository manual
  4. Fundamental Content and Series Guides Correct answer.

Explanation

TOGAF 10 divides its material into the TOGAF Fundamental Content and the TOGAF Series Guides. The Fundamental Content carries the ADM, guidelines and techniques, content framework, continuum and capability framework; the guides address specific topics in depth.

Question 21Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

In which ADM phase is the Business Transformation Readiness Assessment first carried out?

  1. Phase A Correct answer.
  2. Phase E
  3. Phase B
  4. Phase F

Explanation

Phase A includes a first pass at assessing the business's readiness to accept the transformation implied by the vision. The findings are revisited in Phase E when solutions are shaped and in Phase F when migration is scheduled.

Question 22Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

Which document records the sponsor's request for architecture work and serves as an input to Phase A?

  1. Statement of Architecture Work
  2. Request for Architecture Work Correct answer.
  3. Architecture Contract
  4. Implementation and Migration Plan

Explanation

The Request for Architecture Work originates with the sponsoring organization and triggers the engagement. Phase A responds to it by producing a Statement of Architecture Work for formal approval.

Question 23Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

What is the primary role of the Architecture Board?

  1. To fund and staff the enterprise architecture projects
  2. To oversee architecture governance, compliance and approvals Correct answer.
  3. To select the technology products the enterprise will procure
  4. To produce the data architecture models

Explanation

The Architecture Board is the governing body that oversees the architecture, monitors compliance, approves dispensations and resolves conflicts. It provides accountability for the architecture practice rather than doing architecture design work itself.

Question 24Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

How does the Architecture Continuum relate to the Solutions Continuum?

  1. They are alternate names for the same body of content
  2. They are independent and never reference one another
  3. The Solutions Continuum guides the Architecture Continuum
  4. The Architecture Continuum guides what the Solutions Continuum implements Correct answer.

Explanation

The Architecture Continuum holds architectural guidance moving from foundation to organization-specific, while the Solutions Continuum holds the implemented solutions at matching levels. Architecture guidance informs and constrains the solutions that realize it.

Question 25Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

The Architecture Definition Document is developed across which phases?

  1. Phases B, C and D Correct answer.
  2. Phases E and F
  3. The Preliminary Phase and Phase A
  4. Phase A and Phase H

Explanation

Phases B, C and D build the business, information systems and technology architectures, and their descriptions are captured in the Architecture Definition Document. Phase A precedes it with the vision, and Phases E and F use it to plan delivery.

Question 26Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

In the TOGAF standard, what does the term "enterprise" refer to?

  1. A single legally registered company with its own balance sheet
  2. The IT department of a large organization
  3. Only public-sector bodies that deliver citizen-facing services
  4. Any collection of organizations that shares a common set of goals Correct answer.

Explanation

TOGAF uses "enterprise" in a deliberately broad sense: any collection of organizations that has a common set of goals or objectives. It may therefore span several separate legal entities, or cover only part of one large organization. The unit of scope is defined by the shared goals, not by legal or organizational boundaries.

Question 27Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

Which statement best captures what the TOGAF standard means by "Boundaryless Information Flow"?

  1. A mandate to remove all network security controls between internal and external systems
  2. Synchronizing data only between head office and its directly owned subsidiaries
  3. A requirement that every application in the enterprise runs on one shared technical platform
  4. Access to integrated information across the extended enterprise, free of artificial barriers Correct answer.

Explanation

Boundaryless Information Flow expresses the goal of making integrated information available to the right people at the right time across the extended enterprise, unimpeded by organizational or technical boundaries that serve no business purpose. It is a business and information-access aspiration, not a technology standardization rule. Security and control boundaries that are justified remain fully compatible with it.

Question 28Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

The TOGAF standard notes that the word "architecture" carries two common meanings. One is a formal description of a system. What is the other?

  1. A committee of senior architects that reviews and approves solution designs on a quarterly basis
  2. The structure of components, their interrelationships, and the principles guiding their design over time Correct answer.
  3. A formal budget approved by the executive sponsor for a multi-year programme of IT change across the entire enterprise
  4. A catalogue of purchased software licences and support contracts held by the enterprise

Explanation

TOGAF distinguishes architecture as a formal description of a system from architecture as the structure of components, their interrelationships, and the principles and guidelines governing their design and evolution over time. The first meaning treats architecture as an artifact; the second treats it as the actual structure of the thing itself. Both meanings are used throughout the ADM.

Question 29Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

Which set of elements does the TOGAF standard use to define a single architecture principle?

  1. Title, owner, budget, and review date
  2. Vision, goal, objective, and measure
  3. Name, statement, rationale, and implications Correct answer.
  4. Scope, constraint, assumption, and dependency

Explanation

A principle is documented under four headings: the Name, the Statement of the principle, the Rationale for it, and the Implications of adopting it. The rationale explains why the principle is desirable, while the implications state what the enterprise must do or accept as a result. Together they make the principle actionable for architecture work.

Question 30Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

Which statement best describes an architecture contract as defined by the TOGAF standard?

  1. A schedule, agreed with human resources, that lists the training courses that architects must complete in each calendar year
  2. A commercial licensing arrangement that grants the enterprise the right to use a vendor's software product across all its business units
  3. A joint agreement between development partners and sponsors on deliverables and fitness-for-purpose Correct answer.
  4. A document maintained by the architecture team that records the personal development objectives of each individual member

Explanation

Architecture contracts are agreements, typically mediated by the architecture function, between the sponsors and the development partners on the deliverables and quality expectations of an architecture work package. They set out fitness-for-purpose criteria and are used in implementation governance to check that what is built matches what was specified. They are governance instruments, not procurement or HR documents.

Question 31Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

How does the TOGAF standard distinguish an architecture deliverable from an artifact?

  1. A deliverable describes a single application, whereas an artifact describes the whole enterprise and is always owned by the chief architect
  2. A deliverable is an informal sketch used during workshops, whereas an artifact is a formal document the sponsor must sign before any project can start
  3. A deliverable is produced only in the Preliminary Phase, whereas artifacts are produced only in the implementation governance phase
  4. A deliverable is contractually specified and formally reviewed; artifacts are more granular work products Correct answer.

Explanation

In the content framework, a deliverable is a work product that is specified by contract or the method and is formally reviewed and agreed by stakeholders. Artifacts are the finer-grained work products, such as catalogs, matrices, and diagrams, that describe the architecture from specific viewpoints and typically form part of a deliverable. The distinction is about contractual status and granularity, not about phase or scope.

Question 32Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

Which element of the TOGAF ADM operates continuously to capture and control architecture requirements throughout the cycle?

  1. The Architecture Vision phase
  2. The Requirements Management phase Correct answer.
  3. The Preliminary Phase
  4. The Migration Planning phase

Explanation

Requirements Management is a central, continuous activity that receives requirements, records them, and distributes them to the relevant ADM phases as the cycle proceeds. It is not sequenced as a one-off step, because requirements are identified, changed, and retired at every stage. The other phases are discrete stages within the cycle.

Question 33Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

What is the purpose of the Architecture Capability Framework described in the TOGAF standard?

  1. To schedule the sequence of work packages through the migration planning phase
  2. To catalogue the reusable building blocks that have been deployed in the enterprise
  3. To provide the roles, skills, and processes needed to run an architecture practice Correct answer.
  4. To describe the deliverables that each phase of the ADM must produce

Explanation

The Architecture Capability Framework addresses how an enterprise establishes and operates an architecture function, covering structures, roles and responsibilities, skills, and processes such as governance and compliance. It is about the capability of the architecture practice itself rather than about a particular architecture. Framework elements include the Architecture Board, the Architecture Skills Framework, compliance reviews, and maturity models.

Question 34Overview of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF Standard

The TOGAF standard states that the ADM may be adapted. What does this mean in practice?

  1. An enterprise may replace the ADM entirely with any other framework that it has already licensed commercially
  2. Adaptation is permitted only after a formal vote of the Architecture Board recorded in the Architecture Repository
  3. Every enterprise must perform all phases exactly as published, in the published sequence, with no exceptions
  4. The order of phases, level of detail, and use of deliverables can be adjusted to suit the enterprise Correct answer.

Explanation

TOGAF treats the ADM as a generic method that an enterprise tailors to its own context, for example by merging or omitting phases, varying the level of formality and detail, or reordering work where justified. Adaptation is expected to be deliberate and documented, but it does not replace the underlying method or its governance intent. The ADM remains the core process even when tailored.

Question 35The Architecture Development Method (ADM)

Within the TOGAF ADM, how are architecture requirements handled across the cycle?

  1. They are managed centrally by Requirements Management and fed into relevant phases Correct answer.
  2. They are captured only during Phase A and then frozen for the cycle
  3. They are managed separately within each phase without central coordination
  4. They are documented only at Phase H once the architecture is deployed

Explanation

Requirements Management is the central ADM activity that stores and channels requirements to and from all other phases. It operates continuously rather than as a one-time step.

Question 36The Architecture Development Method (ADM)

Which deliverable is produced and approved during Phase A, Architecture Vision?

  1. Architecture Compliance Review
  2. Architecture Contract
  3. Statement of Architecture Work Correct answer.
  4. Implementation and Migration Plan

Explanation

Phase A defines the scope and approach for the architecture engagement and produces the Statement of Architecture Work, which the sponsor approves. The Architecture Contract belongs to Phase G, and the Implementation and Migration Plan is finalized in Phase F.

Question 37The Architecture Development Method (ADM)

Phase B of the ADM is dedicated to developing which architecture?

  1. Migration Architecture
  2. Technology Architecture
  3. Business Architecture Correct answer.
  4. Data Architecture

Explanation

Phase B addresses the Business Architecture, covering business processes, functions, capabilities, and organizational structure. Data and Application Architectures are developed in Phase C.

Question 38The Architecture Development Method (ADM)

Which architectures are developed within Phase C, Information Systems Architectures?

  1. Application and Technology Architectures
  2. Data and Application Architectures Correct answer.
  3. Business and Data Architectures
  4. Business and Technology Architectures

Explanation

Phase C covers the Information Systems Architectures, which are divided into Data Architecture and Application Architecture. Technology Architecture is handled separately in Phase D.

Question 39The Architecture Development Method (ADM)

Phase D of the ADM produces which architecture?

  1. Business Architecture
  2. Transition Architecture
  3. Technology Architecture Correct answer.
  4. Application Architecture

Explanation

Phase D develops the Technology Architecture, including infrastructure, platforms, middleware, and networks. Transition Architectures are defined during Phase E.

Question 40The Architecture Development Method (ADM)

In which phase are Transition Architectures formally developed?

  1. Phase F
  2. Phase E Correct answer.
  3. Phase H
  4. Phase G

Explanation

Phase E, Opportunities and Solutions, identifies delivery options and defines Transition Architectures that bridge the baseline and target states. Phase F then plans the migration in detail.

Question 41The Architecture Development Method (ADM)

Which phase finalizes the Implementation and Migration Plan?

  1. Phase G
  2. Phase F Correct answer.
  3. Phase E
  4. Phase H

Explanation

Phase F, Migration Planning, finalizes the Implementation and Migration Plan and the Architecture Roadmap. Phase E develops the initial work packages and transition architectures that Phase F then sequences.

Question 42The Architecture Development Method (ADM)

The Architecture Contract is a key output of which ADM phase?

  1. Phase H
  2. Phase A
  3. Phase G Correct answer.
  4. Phase E

Explanation

Phase G, Implementation Governance, establishes Architecture Contracts between the architecture function and delivery partners. These contracts set out the architecture requirements that implementation projects must meet.

Question 43The Architecture Development Method (ADM)

Which activity belongs to the Preliminary Phase of the ADM?

  1. Developing the Architecture Roadmap and work packages
  2. Defining architecture principles and tailoring the ADM Correct answer.
  3. Signing Architecture Contracts with delivery partners
  4. Preparing the Implementation and Migration Plan

Explanation

The Preliminary Phase prepares the organization by establishing architecture principles, governance arrangements, and a tailored ADM. The other activities belong to later phases in a specific architecture engagement.

Question 44The Architecture Development Method (ADM)

What does gap analysis in the ADM compare?

  1. The Architecture Roadmap with the business strategy
  2. The baseline architecture with the target architecture Correct answer.
  3. The sponsor's goals with the architecture board's minutes
  4. The target architecture with the Architecture Contract

Explanation

Gap analysis identifies differences between the baseline architecture and the target architecture so that work packages can close them. It is applied in Phases B, C, D, and E.

Question 45The Architecture Development Method (ADM)

Phase H, Architecture Change Management, is principally concerned with which activity?

  1. Prioritizing work packages for migration
  2. Governing the implementation of the architecture
  3. Managing change requests that affect the architecture Correct answer.
  4. Establishing the Architecture Vision and scope

Explanation

Phase H monitors the deployed architecture and manages change requests through the architecture change management process. Phase G governs implementation, and Phase F prioritizes migration work packages.

Question 46The Architecture Development Method (ADM)

Which ADM phase makes use of the Business Scenarios technique to articulate business needs?

  1. Phase C
  2. Phase A Correct answer.
  3. Phase D
  4. Phase B

Explanation

Business Scenarios are applied in Phase A to express business requirements and help derive the Architecture Vision. They also assist in identifying stakeholders and validating the vision.

Question 47The Architecture Development Method (ADM)

Phase E consolidates gaps identified in which set of phases to create work packages?

  1. Phases F, G, and H
  2. Phases A, G, and H
  3. Phases B, C, and D Correct answer.
  4. Phases A, B, and C

Explanation

Phase E brings together the gap analysis results from the Business, Information Systems, and Technology Architectures to define solution building blocks and work packages. It does not draw primarily on the governance phases.

Question 48The Architecture Development Method (ADM)

When prioritizing work packages in Phase F, which factors are used?

  1. Only technical complexity of the codebase
  2. Only the number of applications affected
  3. Business value, cost, and risk Correct answer.
  4. Only the sponsor's personal preferences

Explanation

Phase F prioritizes work packages using business value, cost, risk, and dependencies, aligned with corporate portfolio and project management. This produces a sequenced and justified migration plan.

Question 49The Architecture Development Method (ADM)

What is a primary responsibility of the Architecture Board during Phase G?

  1. Writing application source code for delivered systems
  2. Overseeing compliance of implementation projects Correct answer.
  3. Defining the baseline Technology Architecture
  4. Approving the Statement of Architecture Work

Explanation

The Architecture Board governs implementation by reviewing compliance with the agreed architecture and resolving architecture issues. It does not perform project delivery work.

Question 50The Architecture Development Method (ADM)

A new regulatory requirement emerges while Phase D is in progress. How should it be handled?

  1. It should be ignored until the next full ADM cycle
  2. It should be recorded in Requirements Management and routed onward Correct answer.
  3. It should be passed directly to the implementation team
  4. It should be added only to the Phase H change log

Explanation

Requirements Management captures all requirements and channels them to the phases they affect. This preserves traceability and allows the current ADM cycle to respond appropriately.