Measurement and Geometry
Expect questions on measurement units and conversions (metric and customary), perimeter, area, surface area, and volume of common figures, plus angle relationships, triangle properties, congruence and similarity, and coordinate geometry. You should know the Pythagorean theorem and its converse, the sum of interior angles of a polygon ((n−2)·180°), and the relationships among similar figures-corresponding sides proportional, angles equal, and areas scaling by the square of the scale factor while volumes scale by its cube.
Traps abound. Students often mix up area and perimeter formulas, or forget that a scale factor of k multiplies area by k². In angle problems, be careful with complementary (sum 90°) versus supplementary (sum 180°) pairs and with vertical angles. When converting units, square and cubic conversions require squaring or cubing the linear factor: 1 m² = 10,000 cm², not 100 cm². Also watch for questions that give diameter but ask for radius-based formulas.
Rule of thumb: For any similar-figure scaling problem, set up a proportion on corresponding linear measures first, then apply k² for area or k³ for volume. For example, if two similar cylinders have a scale factor of 2:3, their volumes are in the ratio 8:27.
Review the distance and midpoint formulas and the equation of a circle, since coordinate geometry bridges measurement and algebra.