Personal and Commercial Automobile Insurance
Auto coverage architecture
The Personal Auto Policy provides liability (Part A), medical payments (Part B), uninsured/underinsured motorists (Part C), and physical damage (Part D - collision and other than collision), plus duties and general provisions. West Virginia requires liability limits of at least $25,000 per person / $50,000 per accident bodily injury and $25,000 property damage, and requires UM/UIM coverage at those limits unless the insured rejects it in writing. Liability pays damages the insured is legally obligated to pay; med pay pays regardless of fault; UM pays when the other driver has no insurance or leaves the scene.
Definitions do the work: your covered auto, newly acquired auto (notice rules differ for a replacement versus an additional vehicle), and non-owned auto. Exclusions make good exam questions - vehicles used for ride-hailing or delivery, vehicles furnished for regular use, and drivers listed on a named driver exclusion.
Commercial auto uses covered auto symbols (1 = any auto, 2 = owned autos only, 8 = hired autos, 9 = non-owned autos) and adds hired and non-owned exposure. For-hire interstate carriers must file MCS-90 proof of financial responsibility. Trailer and borrowed-vehicle questions turn on ownership and on whether the vehicle is furnished for regular use.
Traps: treating med pay as fault-based; assuming UM covers property damage in every situation; forgetting that the personal policy excludes most business use; missing that a newly acquired auto needs prompt notice.
Example: Your insured borrows a friend's pickup for a weekend move. It is a non-owned auto, so liability applies - but if the friend's truck were furnished for regular use, coverage would be excluded.