ABCN CNP flashcards
ABCN CNP · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Atwater factors
- Energy conversion values used to estimate kcal from macronutrients: carbohydrate 4 kcal/g, protein 4 kcal/g, fat 9 kcal/g, and alcohol 7 kcal/g.
- Nitrogen balance
- Difference between nitrogen consumed and nitrogen excreted in urine, feces, and integument. Positive balance occurs in growth and pregnancy; negative balance occurs in catabolism and inadequate intake.
- Estimated Average Requirement
- The median daily nutrient intake estimated to meet the requirement of half of healthy individuals in a life-stage group. It is the basis for setting the RDA.
- Glycemic load
- Calculated as glycemic index multiplied by available carbohydrate in grams, divided by 100. It reflects both quality and quantity of carbohydrate in a food.
- Essential amino acids
- Nine amino acids the body cannot synthesize in adequate amounts: histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.
- PES statement
- Standardized nutrition diagnosis format stating the problem related to its etiology as evidenced by signs and symptoms, linking each component to support intervention selection.
- Percent weight change
- Usual weight minus current weight, divided by usual weight, times 100. Loss exceeding 5% in one month or 10% in six months is clinically significant.
- Negative acute-phase reactant
- A protein such as albumin or prealbumin whose serum level falls during inflammation. Levels reflect inflammatory status more than nutritional intake.
- Bioelectrical impedance
- Method estimating body composition from resistance to a small electrical current. Accuracy depends on hydration status and is altered by edema and disease.
- 24-hour recall
- Interview method recording all foods and beverages consumed in the prior day. It is quick but depends on memory and may not represent usual intake.
- IDDSI framework
- Standardized international system describing texture-modified foods and thickened liquids across numbered levels, used to communicate dysphagia diet prescriptions consistently across settings.
- Refeeding syndrome
- Potentially fatal shift of electrolytes, especially phosphate, after reintroducing nutrition to a malnourished patient. Risk requires gradual calorie advancement and electrolyte repletion.
- Motivational interviewing
- Client-centered counseling approach using open questions, affirmations, reflections, and summaries to elicit and strengthen the client's own arguments for behavior change.
- Carbohydrate counting
- Diabetes meal-planning method that tallies grams of carbohydrate per meal to match insulin dose or consistent intake, improving postprandial glycemic control.
- Post-pyloric feeding
- Delivery of enteral formula beyond the pylorus into the duodenum or jejunum. It lowers aspiration risk in gastroparesis or severe reflux but requires tube placement confirmation.
- ADIME format
- Documentation structure covering assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and monitoring/evaluation. It mirrors the nutrition care process and supports continuity across providers.
- Evaluable goal
- A monitoring statement specifying the indicator measured, a target value, and a timeframe, so progress can be judged objectively at reassessment.
- SOAP note
- Progress note organized into subjective, objective, assessment, and plan sections. It must be dated, timed, signed, and limited to verifiable content.
- Reassessment interval
- Predetermined time to recheck monitoring indicators, set by patient acuity and care setting, such as weekly during hospitalization or per visit in outpatient care.
- Scope of practice
- Boundaries of professional practice set by state licensure law, employer policy, and credentialing. The most restrictive applicable rule governs the practitioner.
- Informed consent
- Authorization to proceed based on capacity, disclosure of risks and alternatives, comprehension, and voluntary choice. It may be withdrawn at any time.
- Beneficence and nonmaleficence
- Ethical duties to act for the patient's benefit and to avoid causing harm. They guide decisions when interventions carry risk or uncertain benefit.
- Conflict of interest
- A personal or financial interest that could bias professional judgment. It must be disclosed and managed, not necessarily disqualifying.
- Critical control point
- A step in food production where a control measure can prevent, eliminate, or reduce a hazard to an acceptable level, with defined limits and monitoring.
- Temperature danger zone
- Range of 41 to 135 degrees Fahrenheit, or 5 to 57 degrees Celsius, in which bacteria multiply rapidly. Food must be held outside this range.
- Prime cost
- Sum of food cost and labor cost. It represents the largest controllable expenses in a foodservice operation and is tracked against revenue.
- Yield percentage
- Edible portion weight divided by as-purchased weight, times 100. As-purchased quantity equals edible portion needed divided by yield percentage.
- Food cost percentage
- Food cost divided by food sales, times 100. It compares actual food expense to revenue and signals pricing or waste problems.
- PICO question
- Structured clinical question format naming the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome, used to search evidence efficiently and focus appraisal.
- Number needed to treat
- Reciprocal of the absolute risk reduction. It states how many patients must receive an intervention for one additional favorable outcome.
- Levels of evidence
- Hierarchy ranking study designs by susceptibility to bias, from systematic reviews and randomized trials at the top to case series and expert opinion at the bottom.
- Statistical significance
- A result unlikely under the null hypothesis, conventionally p less than 0.05. It does not by itself establish clinical importance or applicability.