ABD Pediatric Dermatology flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Infantile hemangioma

Benign vascular tumor appearing in the first weeks of life that proliferates for months then involutes; high-risk locations or complications may require beta-blockers or laser.

Miliaria crystallina

Clear superficial vesicles from eccrine duct obstruction in heat-exposed infants; resolves with cooling and reduced occlusion without pharmacologic treatment.

Erythema toxicum neonatorum

Self-limited neonatal eruption of blotchy erythema with yellow-white pustules on the trunk; smears show eosinophils and no treatment is needed.

Transient neonatal pustular melanosis

Pustules present at birth that rupture leaving collarette scale and hyperpigmented macules; neutrophils on smear; benign and self-resolving.

Kawasaki disease criteria

Fever for at least five days plus conjunctivitis, mucosal changes, extremity changes, rash, or cervical adenopathy; risk of coronary aneurysms; treat with IVIG and aspirin.

Tinea capitis

Scalp dermatophyte infection in children causing scaly patches or black-dot alopecia; requires oral antifungal therapy such as griseofulvin or terbinafine.

Measles exanthem

Maculopapular rash starting at the hairline and spreading downward, preceded by fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and Koplik spots.

Scabies in infants

Sarcoptes infestation with burrows on palms and soles, vesicles, and nodules; treat patient and contacts with permethrin or ivermectin.

Atopic dermatitis features

Pruritic, dry, eczematous skin with flexural distribution in children; managed with emollients and topical corticosteroids titrated to severity.

Diaper dermatitis

Irritant contact eruption on convex surfaces sparing skin folds; candidal superinfection adds satellite pustules and requires topical antifungal therapy.

Impetigo

Superficial bacterial infection with honey-colored crusts, often staphylococcal or streptococcal; treat with topical mupirocin or oral antibiotics depending on extent.

Molluscum contagiosum

Poxvirus-induced umbilicated papules in children; self-limited over months to years; cantharidin or curettage for selected cases.

Hand-foot-mouth disease

Coxsackievirus eruption with oral vesicles and tender papulovesicles on palms and soles; supportive care; self-limited in children.

Fifth disease

Parvovirus B19 infection with slapped-cheek erythema and lacy reticular rash on extremities; may cause aplastic crisis in chronic hemolytic anemia.

Strawberry tongue

White-coated tongue with prominent red papillae seen in Kawasaki disease and streptococcal infection; helps distinguish mucocutaneous syndromes in children.

Port-wine stain

Congenital capillary malformation present at birth that does not involute; facial lesions may require pulsed dye laser and warrant evaluation for Sturge-Weber syndrome.

ABCDE melanoma criteria

Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter over 6 mm, and Evolution; used to identify pigmented lesions needing biopsy.

Psoriasis plaques

Well-demarcated erythematous plaques with silvery scale on extensor surfaces; Auspitz sign is pinpoint bleeding after scale removal; treat with topical corticosteroids or vitamin D analogs.

Lichen planus

Pruritic purple polygonal planar papules with Wickham striae, often on wrists and oral mucosa; may require topical or systemic corticosteroids.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Severe mucocutaneous reaction with epidermal detachment under 10 percent body surface area, mucosal erosions, and positive Nikolsky sign; usually drug-induced.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis

Life-threatening drug reaction with epidermal detachment over 30 percent body surface area and mucosal involvement; requires burn-unit supportive care.

Pemphigus vulgaris

Autoimmune intraepidermal blistering with flaccid bullae and oral erosions; direct immunofluorescence shows intercellular IgG; treat with systemic corticosteroids.

Bullous pemphigoid

Subepidermal autoimmune blistering disease with tense bullae and linear IgG and C3 at the basement membrane zone; treated with corticosteroids.

Cellulitis

Acute spreading dermal and subcutaneous infection with erythema, warmth, and tenderness; Streptococcus and Staphylococcus are common; treat with antibiotics.

Tinea versicolor

Malassezia yeast infection causing hypopigmented or hyperpigmented scaly trunk macules; KOH shows spaghetti-and-meatballs; treat with topical or oral azoles.

Erythema multiforme

Targetoid lesions often triggered by herpes simplex infection; mucosal involvement defines major form; treated with antivirals or corticosteroids.

Urticaria

Pruritic wheals with transient dermal edema lasting under 24 hours per lesion; antihistamines are first-line; persistent lesions suggest urticarial vasculitis.

Dermatographism

Linear wheal appearing after stroking the skin due to mast cell hyperreactivity; managed with second-generation antihistamines.

Basal cell carcinoma

Pearly papule with telangiectasia and rolled border from sun exposure; locally invasive but rarely metastasizes; treated with excision or Mohs surgery.

Squamous cell carcinoma

Keratinizing malignant tumor with scale, ulceration, or induration on sun-damaged skin; may metastasize; treated with excision or Mohs surgery.

Actinic keratosis

Premalignant scaly macule on sun-exposed skin from chronic ultraviolet exposure; treated with cryotherapy, topical fluorouracil, or imiquimod.

Erythema nodosum

Tender erythematous nodules on the shins from septal panniculitis; associated with streptococcal infection, sarcoidosis, and inflammatory bowel disease.

Pityriasis rosea

Self-limited eruption with a herald patch followed by oval scaly plaques along skin cleavage lines; resolves over weeks without treatment.