ABOHNS Neurotology flashcards
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33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Vestibular schwannoma origin
- Arises from the vestibular division of cranial nerve VIII, typically at the internal auditory canal fundus, and is the most common cerebellopontine angle tumor.
- House-Brackmann grade I
- Normal facial nerve function with symmetric movement and no weakness; grade VI represents total paralysis with no movement.
- Gadolinium-enhanced MRI
- Imaging study of choice for suspected retrocochlear pathology such as vestibular schwannoma; small intracanalicular tumors may be missed without contrast.
- Neurofibromatosis type 2
- Inherited disorder defined by bilateral vestibular schwannomas; screening MRI is indicated in first-degree relatives.
- Rinne test interpretation
- Air conduction greater than bone conduction is normal; bone conduction greater than air indicates conductive hearing loss on that side.
- Weber test lateralization
- Lateralizes to the affected ear in conductive hearing loss and to the better ear in sensorineural hearing loss.
- Cholesteatoma
- Keratinizing squamous epithelium within the middle ear that is locally destructive and does not resolve spontaneously; marginal or attic perforation raises suspicion.
- Carhart notch
- An apparent bone-conduction dip at 2 kHz seen in otosclerosis that may resolve after stapedectomy.
- Translabyrinthine approach
- Skull base approach that sacrifices hearing; chosen when hearing is nonserviceable or the tumor is large.
- Middle fossa approach
- Skull base approach suited to small intracanalicular tumors with serviceable hearing, aiming to preserve cochlear function.
- Retrosigmoid approach
- Skull base approach allowing hearing preservation and access to tumors extending into the cerebellopontine angle.
- Beta-2 transferrin
- Laboratory test confirming cerebrospinal fluid in clear rhinorrhea from an anterior skull base defect.
- Dix-Hallpike maneuver
- Positional test diagnosing benign paroxysmal positional vertigo; the posterior semicircular canal is most commonly involved.
- Epley maneuver
- Canalith repositioning procedure that is first-line treatment for posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
- Vestibular neuritis
- Acute prolonged vertigo with nausea and horizontal nystagmus without hearing loss, distinguishing it from labyrinthitis.
- Labyrinthitis
- Acute vestibular syndrome accompanied by sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus, distinguishing it from vestibular neuritis.
- Meniere disease
- Episodic vertigo with fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness, attributed to endolymphatic hydrops.
- Head impulse test
- Abnormal in peripheral vestibular loss and typically normal in central causes; helps localize vertigo.
- Bell palsy
- Idiopathic facial paralysis diagnosed by exclusion after other causes are ruled out; corticosteroids within 72 hours improve outcomes.
- Ramsay Hunt syndrome
- Facial palsy with vesicles in the ear canal or auricle caused by varicella-zoster virus reactivation.
- Electroneuronography
- Compares compound action potentials between sides; greater than 90 percent degeneration predicts poor facial nerve recovery.
- Facial nerve schwannoma
- Tumor causing progressive facial weakness, hearing loss, and a middle ear mass; distinguished from Bell palsy by progression.
- Pure-tone average
- Average of pure-tone thresholds commonly calculated at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz to summarize hearing level.
- Speech reception threshold
- Lowest level at which speech is recognized about half the time; approximates the pure-tone average.
- Air-bone gap
- Difference between air and bone conduction thresholds indicating conductive hearing loss; absent when both are equally reduced.
- Cochlear implant candidacy
- Generally requires severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss with limited speech understanding despite appropriate amplification.
- Bone-anchored hearing device
- Prosthesis suited to conductive or mixed hearing loss with a functioning cochlea, bypassing the external and middle ear.
- Otoacoustic emissions
- Sounds produced by outer hair cells; absent in significant sensorineural hearing loss and used in newborn screening.
- Tympanometry type B
- Flat tympanogram suggesting middle ear effusion or perforation, in contrast to type C indicating negative middle ear pressure.
- Sudden sensorineural hearing loss
- Rapid-onset sensorineural loss treated as an otologic emergency; treatment within 72 hours improves outcome.
- Cerebrospinal fluid leak management
- After translabyrinthine surgery, managed with wound revision, lumbar drain, or fat graft reinforcement.
- Vestibular migraine
- Common cause of recurrent vertigo that often lacks the fluctuating hearing loss and aural fullness of Meniere disease.
- Jugular foramen tumors
- Glomus jugulare tumors and schwannomas may present with lower cranial nerve deficits and pulsatile tinnitus.