ABP Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Social smile age

A social smile typically emerges at six to eight weeks of age; absence by three months warrants developmental and vision evaluation.

Object permanence milestone

Object permanence, the understanding that objects continue to exist when hidden, usually develops between eight and twelve months and supports later symbolic play.

Canonical babbling

Canonical babbling consists of repeated consonant-vowel syllables, such as ba-ba, and typically appears between seven and ten months; absence by twelve months is a red flag.

Birth weight doubling

Term infants generally double their birth weight by about five months and triple it by twelve months; failure to double by five months suggests a growth concern.

Head circumference growth

Head circumference increases about twelve centimeters during the first year, then more slowly; rapid crossing of centiles may indicate hydrocephalus and warrants evaluation.

Global developmental delay

Global developmental delay denotes significant delay in two or more developmental domains in a child under five years and prompts etiologic evaluation and early intervention referral.

Regression red flag

Loss of previously acquired skills in language, motor, or social domains is abnormal at any age and requires urgent developmental, neurologic, and hearing evaluation.

ADHD symptom threshold

For children younger than seventeen, ADHD requires at least six inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms, present before age twelve, in two or more settings, causing impairment.

Major depressive episode

A major depressive episode requires at least two weeks of depressed or irritable mood or anhedonia plus four additional symptoms, causing impairment; irritability is common in children.

Oppositional defiant disorder

Oppositional defiant disorder involves a persistent pattern of angry-irritable mood, argumentative-defiant behavior, or vindictiveness lasting at least six months and causing functional impairment.

Separation anxiety disorder

Separation anxiety disorder involves developmentally inappropriate, persistent fear of separation from attachment figures, lasting at least four weeks in children and impairing functioning.

PTSD symptom clusters

Posttraumatic stress disorder requires exposure to trauma plus intrusion, avoidance, negative cognition or mood, and arousal symptoms lasting more than one month and causing impairment.

Tourette disorder criteria

Tourette disorder requires multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic, present for more than one year, with onset before eighteen years and not due to another condition.

Autism spectrum disorder core

Autism spectrum disorder requires persistent deficits in social communication and interaction plus restricted, repetitive behaviors or interests, with early onset and functional impairment.

Fragile X syndrome

Fragile X syndrome results from an FMR1 CGG repeat expansion above two hundred, causing intellectual disability, autism features, macroorchidism, and characteristic facial features.

Rett syndrome

Rett syndrome, usually caused by MECP2 variants, affects girls with early regression, loss of hand use, hand stereotypies, and impaired communication and motor skills.

Down syndrome health risks

Down syndrome, usually trisomy 21, is associated with congenital heart disease, hearing loss, hypothyroidism, obstructive sleep apnea, and atlantoaxial instability, requiring periodic screening.

Cerebral palsy definition

Cerebral palsy is a nonprogressive disorder of movement and posture caused by early brain injury or malformation, often accompanied by sensory, cognitive, or seizure disorders.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Duchenne muscular dystrophy, an X-linked dystrophinopathy affecting boys, causes progressive proximal weakness, elevated creatine kinase, Gowers sign, and cardiomyopathy.

Tuberous sclerosis features

Tuberous sclerosis complex, caused by TSC1 or TSC2 variants, produces hamartomas in multiple organs, seizures, developmental delay, autism, and skin findings such as ash-leaf spots.

Sensitivity formula

Sensitivity equals true positives divided by true positives plus false negatives; it reflects a test's ability to identify children who truly have the condition.

Positive predictive value

Positive predictive value equals true positives divided by all positive test results and depends strongly on the prevalence of the condition in the screened population.

Autism screening schedule

Autism-specific screening is recommended at eighteen and twenty-four months, with developmental screening at nine, eighteen, and thirty months, using validated parent-report tools.

M-CHAT-R thresholds

The M-CHAT-R uses a total score: zero to two is low risk, three to seven medium risk requiring follow-up interview, and eight to twenty high risk for autism.

Adaptive behavior assessment

Adaptive behavior measures daily living, communication, and social skills through informant report; deficits must accompany low intellectual ability for an intellectual disability diagnosis.

Early intervention referral

Children under three with developmental delay or established risk qualify for IDEA Part C early intervention, which uses an individualized family service plan rather than an IEP.

IDEA Part C age range

IDEA Part C provides early intervention for children from birth through age two, using an Individualized Family Service Plan; Part B preschool services begin at age three.

ADHD preschool treatment

For children younger than six with ADHD, behavioral parent training and environmental supports are first-line; medication is considered only when behavioral treatment is insufficient and impairment is severe.

Fluoxetine pediatric approval

Fluoxetine is approved for major depressive disorder in children aged eight and older and is often first-line among selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; monitor for suicidality.

Anxiety first-line treatment

Cognitive behavioral therapy is first-line for pediatric anxiety disorders; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as sertraline or fluoxetine are considered when therapy is insufficient or unavailable.

Individualized Education Program

An Individualized Education Program is a written plan under IDEA Part B for eligible children aged three through twenty-one, specifying goals, services, accommodations, and placement.

Medical home functions

A medical home provides accessible, continuous, comprehensive, family-centered, coordinated, compassionate, and culturally effective care, often coordinating early intervention, school, and specialty services.