ABP Pediatric Nephrology study plan

Differentiate nephrotic from nephritic syndrome using onset, urinalysis, complement levels, and blood pressure at presentation.

Classify the major pediatric glomerulopathies (minimal change disease, FSGS, IgA nephropathy, post-streptococcal GN, membranoproliferative GN, lupus nephritis, HSP/IgA vasculitis) by typical age, complement pattern, and light-microscopy/immunofluorescence findings.

Interpret serologies (C3, C4, ASO, ANA, anti-dsDNA, ANCA, hepatitis B/C) to decide when serology alone versus kidney biopsy drives management.

Outline first-line therapy and steroid-response definitions for childhood nephrotic syndrome, including indications for biopsy in a first episode.

Manage the complications of nephrotic syndrome, including hypovolemia, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, thromboembolism, and steroid toxicity, with explicit fluid and antibiotic thresholds.

Apply the current pediatric blood pressure guideline to stage blood pressure in children aged 1-17 years using age, sex, and height percentile.

Select the appropriate sequence of studies for suspected secondary hypertension, distinguishing renal parenchymal, renovascular, endocrine, and coarctation causes.

Compare available imaging and vascular approaches (Doppler ultrasound, CTA, MRA, catheter angiography) for renovascular disease and identify when each is preferred.

Calculate the serum anion gap, delta ratio, and expected compensation for metabolic acidosis and alkalosis using pediatric reference ranges.

Classify renal tubular acidosis into types 1, 2, and 4 using urine pH, urine anion gap, serum potassium, and fractional bicarbonate excretion.

Design fluid and electrolyte correction plans for hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and hypokalemia that specify rate of correction, fluid composition, and monitoring intervals.

Distinguish Bartter, Gitelman, and Fanconi syndromes by electrolyte pattern, acid-base status, and associated findings.

Stage acute kidney injury using KDIGO creatinine and urine output criteria and apply the staging to pediatric case vignettes.

Differentiate prerenal azotemia from intrinsic AKI using fractional excretion of sodium and urea, urine sediment, and response to volume challenge, while accounting for diuretic use.

Identify urgent indications for renal replacement therapy in AKI, including refractory hyperkalemia, severe acidosis, uremic complications, and fluid overload with respiratory compromise.

List common nephrotoxins and contrast-related risks in hospitalized children and state prevention strategies for each.

Evaluate volume status and choose between crystalloid boluses, diuretics, and fluid restriction in a child with AKI and fluid overload, specifying endpoints for each choice.

Stage chronic kidney disease using pediatric-appropriate estimating equations, including the CKiD U25 equations, and interpret their limitations near transition to adult care.

Construct a monitoring plan for CKD mineral and bone disorder, anemia, and acidosis that specifies laboratory frequency and treatment thresholds.

Assess growth failure in CKD and determine when to start growth hormone, how to monitor response, and which nutritional targets to prioritize.

Compare peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, and continuous renal replacement therapy by indication, access, hemodynamic profile, and family burden in children.

Describe a basic peritoneal dialysis prescription (fill volume, dwell time, cycles) and recognize peritonitis and catheter malfunction.

Recognize the common complications of pediatric hemodialysis, including hypotension, disequilibrium syndrome, and access thrombosis.

Classify congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract by antenatal presentation and outline management of vesicoureteral reflux, posterior urethral valves, and prune belly syndrome.

Differentiate hereditary and cystic kidney diseases, including autosomal dominant and recessive polycystic kidney disease, Alport syndrome, and nephronophthisis, by inheritance, imaging, and extrarenal findings.

Explain induction and maintenance immunosuppression regimens in pediatric kidney transplantation, including steroid-sparing options and monitoring of drug levels.

Distinguish acute cellular rejection, antibody-mediated rejection, BK nephropathy, and calcineurin inhibitor toxicity by timing, creatinine trend, and diagnostic testing.

Identify recurrent diseases after transplant (FSGS, IgA nephropathy, MPGN, lupus) and state their typical timing and initial management.

Consolidate weak areas by re-testing every domain and logging each missed question by cause: knowledge gap, misread stem, or reasoning error.

Rehearse integrative cases that cross domains, such as a child with nephrotic syndrome progressing to AKI, or a transplant recipient with hypertension and declining function.

Review high-yield reference intervals and formulas (anion gap, corrected sodium, eGFR, fractional excretion, blood pressure percentiles) from a single consolidated sheet.

Build a final 7-day review schedule that allocates remaining time in proportion to missed-question density.