ABP Periodontology flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Clinical attachment level
- Distance from the cementoenamel junction to the base of the periodontal pocket; the reference standard for measuring cumulative periodontal attachment loss.
- Probing depth
- Distance from the gingival margin to the base of the sulcus or pocket; values of 1-3 mm are typically healthy, while ≥4 mm suggests pocketing.
- Gingival recession
- Apical displacement of the gingival margin relative to the cementoenamel junction, exposing root surface; measured in millimeters and contributes to CAL calculation.
- Gingivitis
- Reversible plaque-induced inflammation confined to the gingival tissues, characterized by bleeding on probing and erythema without clinical attachment loss.
- Periodontitis definition
- Inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting tissues causing progressive destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, evidenced by clinical attachment loss.
- Staging periodontitis
- 2018 classification system rating severity (Stage I-IV) using interdental CAL, radiographic bone loss, and tooth loss due to periodontitis.
- Grading periodontitis
- 2018 classification rating rate of progression (Grade A-C) using bone loss/age ratio, smoking status, and diabetes control (HbA1c).
- Bone loss/age ratio
- Radiographic bone loss percentage divided by patient age; used to assign periodontitis grade: A <0.25, B 0.25-1.0, C >1.0.
- Red complex bacteria
- Microbial group including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia, strongly associated with periodontitis severity.
- Necrotizing periodontal disease
- Acute infection with papilla necrosis, ulceration, and pseudomembrane formation, often with fetor oris, pain, and bleeding; linked to immunosuppression and stress.
- Aggressive periodontitis features
- Rapid attachment loss, familial aggregation, and often molar-incisor pattern in otherwise healthy younger patients; now classified as Grade C periodontitis.
- Plaque-induced gingivitis
- Gingival inflammation caused by dental biofilm accumulation that resolves with plaque removal; systemic factors like pregnancy or diabetes can modify severity.
- Bleeding on probing
- Gingival bleeding elicited by gentle probing; indicates active inflammation and, combined with pocket depth, helps assess periodontal disease activity.
- Furcation involvement
- Loss of periodontal attachment into the furcation area of multirooted teeth; graded I-IV by extent of horizontal and vertical bone loss.
- Periodontal maintenance
- Recare program after active therapy with periodic probing, biofilm removal, and risk reassessment; intervals tailored to patient's disease susceptibility and compliance.
- Osseointegration
- Direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the surface of a load-bearing implant without intervening soft tissue, enabling rigid fixation.
- Primary stability
- Mechanical engagement of implant in bone at placement, determined by bone density and surgical technique; prerequisite for osseointegration and loading decisions.
- Implant survival
- An implant that remains in place and functional at follow-up, regardless of bone loss or complications; a less stringent outcome than implant success.
- Implant success criteria
- Implant in place with no mobility, no peri-implant radiolucency, bone loss <0.2 mm/year after first year, and absence of pain or infection.
- Peri-implant mucositis
- Reversible inflammation of soft tissues around an implant with bleeding on probing but no progressive bone loss; analogous to gingivitis.
- Peri-implantitis
- Inflammatory condition around an implant with soft tissue inflammation plus progressive bone loss; not predictably reversible and a leading cause of late implant failure.
- Sinus lift indications
- Crestal approach when residual bone height ≥5 mm; lateral window approach when residual alveolar bone is <5 mm before implant placement.
- Immediate implant loading
- Placement of a functional prosthesis within one week of implant surgery; requires high primary stability and favorable bone quality.
- Conventional loading
- Delayed restoration of an implant after roughly 3-6 months of undisturbed healing, allowing complete osseointegration before functional load.
- Bone density classification
- Lekholm-Zarb or Misch system grading bone quality from dense cortical (D1) to soft trabecular (D4), guiding drilling and loading protocols.
- Inter-implant distance
- Recommended minimum spacing of about 3 mm between adjacent implants (and 2 mm from teeth) to preserve crestal bone and papilla support.
- Guided bone regeneration
- Surgical technique using barrier membranes with or without graft material to exclude soft tissue and allow bone regeneration at deficient implant sites.
- Implant failure risk factors
- Smoking, uncontrolled diabetes, poor bone quality, inadequate primary stability, and peri-implant infection increase risk of implant failure and peri-implantitis.
- Implant-abutment connection
- Interface between implant body and abutment; designs include external hex, internal hex, and conical (Morse taper), influencing stability and microbial seal.
- Resonance frequency analysis
- Non-invasive method measuring implant stability quotient (ISQ) via vibration; higher ISQ values indicate greater stability and guide loading timing.
- Socket preservation
- Post-extraction grafting of the alveolar socket to minimize ridge resorption and preserve bone volume for future implant placement.
- Peri-implant probing depth
- Measurement of sulcus depth around an implant; increased depth with bleeding and bone loss suggests peri-implantitis and warrants radiographic evaluation.