ABPM Clinical Informatics flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Five Rights of CDS

A framework requiring that decision support deliver the right information, to the right person, in the right format, through the right channel, at the right time in the workflow.

Alert override rate

The proportion of interruptive alerts that clinicians dismiss without acting. Persistently high rates, often above 90 percent, indicate poor alert specificity and signal alert fatigue.

Number needed to treat

The number of patients who must receive an intervention to prevent one additional adverse outcome. It equals the reciprocal of the absolute risk reduction.

Positive predictive value

The probability that a patient with a positive test truly has the condition. It equals true positives divided by all positives and depends strongly on disease prevalence.

CPOE

Computerized provider order entry allows clinicians to enter orders electronically. It reduces prescribing errors and illegibility problems and is more effective when coupled with decision support.

Master patient index

A database that links patient records across systems using demographic matching. An enterprise MPI spans one organization; a regional MPI links records across multiple organizations.

Closed-loop medication management

An integrated process linking prescribing, pharmacy verification, dispensing, administration, and monitoring. Barcode scanning at administration confirms the right patient, drug, dose, route, and time.

Downtime procedure

A planned protocol for continued operations when the EHR is unavailable. It typically includes read-only access, paper order forms, and reconciliation of data after restoration.

eCQM value set

A defined list of coded concepts, such as from SNOMED CT, LOINC, or RxNorm, used to specify the population, numerator, and denominator of an electronic clinical quality measure.

Risk adjustment

A statistical method that accounts for differences in patient illness burden so that outcomes or costs can be fairly compared across providers, plans, or populations.

Patient attribution

The process of assigning patients to a provider, panel, or health plan for measurement and accountability. The assignment method influences reported performance and incentives.

Data quality dimensions

Common attributes used to assess data fitness for use, including completeness, accuracy, timeliness, consistency, and validity. Poor quality undermines analytics and quality measurement.

HL7 version 2 ADT

A widely used messaging standard for admission, discharge, and transfer events. Messages are pipe-delimited, and trigger events such as A01 admit and A03 discharge identify the transaction.

FHIR

Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources is a modern, RESTful standard using discrete resources like Patient and Observation. Profiles constrain resources for specific use cases and exchange requirements.

C-CDA

Consolidated Clinical Document Architecture is an XML-based standard for clinical documents such as the continuity of care document. It uses templates and coded value sets for structure.

LOINC

Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes is a terminology for identifying laboratory tests and clinical observations. It enables semantic interoperability of results across different systems.

USCDI

The United States Core Data for Interoperability is a standardized set of data classes and elements required for certified health information exchange and interoperability.

HIPAA minimum necessary

A Privacy Rule standard requiring that uses and disclosures of protected health information be limited to the amount reasonably needed for the intended purpose, with exceptions such as treatment.

Breach notification timeline

Under HIPAA, affected individuals must be notified without unreasonable delay and no later than 60 days after discovery of a breach of unsecured protected health information.

Role-based access control

A security model that grants permissions according to job function or role rather than to individuals. It reduces unnecessary access and simplifies auditing and provisioning.

CIA triad

A foundational security model comprising confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Each dimension requires administrative, physical, and technical safeguards to protect electronic health information.

Regression testing

Testing performed after changes to verify that existing functionality still works correctly. It guards against unintended consequences introduced by updates, configuration changes, or new interfaces.

System Usability Scale

A ten-item validated questionnaire producing a score from 0 to 100 that summarizes perceived usability. Scores above roughly 68 are commonly interpreted as above average.

Cognitive load

The mental effort required to process information in working memory. Interfaces that reduce extraneous load and support recognition over recall improve safety and efficiency.

Big bang go-live

An implementation strategy that activates the new system for all users at once. It shortens the transition but concentrates risk and requires robust support and contingency planning.

ADKAR model

A change management framework with five elements: Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, and Reinforcement. It diagnoses where individuals or groups stall during a change initiative.

Kotter's change model

An eight-step framework for organizational change: urgency, coalition, vision, communication, empowerment, short-term wins, consolidation, and anchoring changes in culture.

Governance decision rights

Formal assignment of authority for prioritizing, approving, and funding informatics initiatives. Clear decision rights reduce duplication and align investments with organizational strategy.

DIKW model

A hierarchy describing data as raw facts, information as processed data, knowledge as actionable understanding, and wisdom as applied judgment in context.

Semantic interoperability

The ability of systems to exchange data and interpret meaning consistently, typically requiring shared terminologies and models. It goes beyond transport and format compatibility.

Just culture

A safety framework distinguishing human error, at-risk behavior, and reckless behavior. It consoles error, coaches at-risk behavior, and sanctions reckless conduct to encourage reporting.

Failure mode and effects analysis

A prospective risk assessment that identifies failure modes and rates severity, occurrence, and detection. The risk priority number is the product of these three ratings.

Root cause analysis

A retrospective, systems-focused investigation of an adverse event or near miss. It identifies contributing factors and produces recommendations to prevent recurrence.