ABPMR Pediatric Rehab flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale

Age-adjusted coma scale scoring eye, verbal, and motor responses from 3 to 15. Preverbal children use modified verbal scores, and a score of 8 or less indicates severe injury.

Rancho Los Amigos levels

Eight-level scale describing cognitive and behavioral recovery after brain injury, from Level I (no response) through Level VIII (purposeful and appropriate). Levels III and IV are confused and agitated.

Return to learn before sport

After pediatric concussion, the child returns to school with accommodations before beginning a graduated six-stage return to sport, advancing no faster than one stage every 24 hours.

PECARN head injury rule

Validated pediatric decision rule identifying children with minor blunt head trauma at very low risk of clinically important traumatic brain injury, allowing clinicians to avoid unnecessary CT radiation.

Autonomic dysreflexia

Hypertensive crisis in spinal cord injury at or above T6, triggered by noxious stimuli below the lesion such as bladder distension, bowel impaction, or pressure injury. Sit the patient upright and remove the trigger.

SCIWORA

Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality: plain films are normal but MRI shows cord injury. Most common in children under 8 because of ligamentous laxity and cartilaginous vertebrae.

Neurogenic bladder after SCI

Suprasacral lesions cause an upper motor neuron bladder with detrusor overactivity and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia; conus and cauda equina lesions cause an areflexic lower motor neuron bladder. Intermittent catheterization is standard.

ASIA Impairment Scale

A: no sacral sparing. B: sensory incomplete. C: motor incomplete with most key muscles below the level grading under 3/5. D: at least half grading 3/5 or more. E: normal.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

X-linked dystrophin deficiency in boys causing proximal weakness, Gowers sign, calf pseudohypertrophy, and elevated creatine kinase. Corticosteroids prolong ambulation; cardiomyopathy and respiratory failure are common.

Repetitive nerve stimulation decrement

A fall in compound muscle action potential amplitude greater than 10 percent between the first and later stimuli, indicating a neuromuscular junction disorder such as myasthenia gravis.

Spinal muscular atrophy

Autosomal recessive SMN1-related motor neuron disease causing hypotonia, weakness, and areflexia. Type 1 never sits; treatments include nusinersen, risdiplam, and onasemnogene abeparvovec.

Myopathic EMG pattern

Motor unit potentials that are short in duration and low in amplitude with polyphasic morphology and early recruitment, typical of muscle disease such as muscular dystrophy or inflammatory myopathy.

Pavlik harness

Dynamic abduction orthosis used for developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants younger than 6 months, holding the femoral head reduced while permitting movement. Regular ultrasound monitoring is required.

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Displacement of the femoral head through the physis in obese adolescents, presenting with hip or referred knee pain and limited internal rotation. Treatment is in situ pinning with protected weight bearing.

Ponseti method

Serial manipulation and casting for idiopathic clubfoot, usually with percutaneous Achilles tenotomy, followed by abduction bracing to maintain correction and prevent relapse.

Salter-Harris classification

Five types of physeal fracture: I, physis only; II, physis and metaphysis; III, physis and epiphysis; IV, metaphysis, physis, and epiphysis; V, crush injury. Higher types risk growth arrest.

GMFCS

Five-level classification of gross motor function in cerebral palsy, from Level I (walks independently) to Level V (transported in a wheelchair), used to describe function and guide prognosis.

Myelomeningocele

Open neural tube defect with herniation of meninges and spinal cord, associated with Chiari II malformation, hydrocephalus, neurogenic bladder and bowel, and latex allergy. Lesion level determines ambulation potential.

Atlantoaxial instability in Down syndrome

Increased mobility at the C1–C2 joint in some children with Down syndrome; screening radiographs are obtained before contact sports, and neurologic symptoms warrant urgent evaluation.

Prader-Willi syndrome

Imprinted genetic disorder with neonatal hypotonia and feeding difficulty, later hyperphagia, obesity, hypogonadism, and intellectual disability. Growth hormone improves body composition and adult height.

Airway clearance in cystic fibrosis

Combination of chest physiotherapy, high-frequency chest wall oscillation vests, huff coughing, and mucolytics to clear thick secretions; aerobic exercise also improves clearance and fitness.

Anthracycline cardiomyopathy

Dose-dependent myocardial injury from doxorubicin or daunorubicin in childhood cancer survivors, requiring lifelong periodic echocardiography and monitoring during exercise, pregnancy, and illness.

Vincristine-induced neuropathy

Chemotherapy-related symmetric sensory-motor peripheral neuropathy with depressed reflexes, foot drop, and constipation; severe deficits require dose reduction or discontinuation of the agent.

Cerebellar mutism syndrome

Transient mutism with ataxia and emotional lability following posterior fossa tumor resection in children; speech usually returns but dysarthria and cognitive deficits may persist.

Ankle-foot orthosis

Brace crossing the ankle that controls foot position, prevents plantar flexion, improves toe clearance during swing, and provides medial-lateral stability in children with dorsiflexor weakness or spasticity.

Tilt-in-space wheelchair

Wheelchair whose seat and back tilt together as a unit, redistributing pressure and helping manage tone and fatigue without changing hip and knee joint angles.

Body-powered prosthesis

Upper limb prosthesis controlled by shoulder motions through a cable and harness, providing proprioceptive feedback and durability; it requires adequate shoulder excursion and is common in pediatric fittings.

Powered mobility for toddlers

Early use of power wheelchairs by young children, including toddlers, to support exploration, spatial learning, and participation when manual wheelchair propulsion is not developmentally or physically possible.

IDEA Part C

Federal program providing early intervention services for children from birth to age 3 with developmental delay or established risk, delivered through an Individualized Family Service Plan in natural environments.

IDEA Part B

Federal special education program for children aged 3 through 21, providing individualized education programs and related services such as physical, occupational, and speech therapy in school settings.

Transition planning in IEP

IDEA requires measurable postsecondary goals and transition services in the IEP no later than age 16; many states begin at 14. Health care transition planning should start in early adolescence.

WeeFIM

Functional Independence Measure for children from 6 months to 7 years, or older children with developmental disability, scoring 18 items in self-care, mobility, and cognition on a 1–7 scale.